ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Prenatal Exposure to Parabens Affects Birth Outcomes through Maternal Glutathione S-Transferase (GST) Polymorphisms: From the Mothers and Kids Environmental Health (MAKE) Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 12 citations in OpenAlex.
- Cobalamin-Related Remethylation Disorders: Pregnancy Outcomes and Prenatal Treatment-New Cases and a Literature Study.Journal of inherited metabolic disease · 2026Review
- Prenatal chemical exposures and fetal growth: a narrative review of gene-environment interactions (2025).Pediatric research · 2026Review
- The utility of silicone wristbands in characterizing exposure to parabens found in commercial lotions.The Science of the total environment · 2025Article
- A cross-lagged analysis of the relationship between adolescents' aggressive behavior, parent-child relationships, and teacher caring behaviors.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Article
- The Impact of Oxidative Stress of Environmental Origin on the Onset of Placental Diseases.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Gene-environment interactions related to maternal exposure to environmental and lifestyle-related chemicals during pregnancy and the resulting adverse fetal growth: a review.Environmental health and preventive medicine · 2022Review
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionHuman exposure to parabens is very common in daily life, and prenatal exposure to these chemicals is associated with poor birth outcomes. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of glutathione S-transferase (GST) polymorphisms on the association between prenatal exposure to parabens and birth outcomes.
methodsWe conducted a multivariate analysis involving 177 subjects to determine the association between paraben concentrations and birth outcomes in mothers with GST mu 1 (GSTM1) and GST theta 1 (GSTT1) polymorphisms from 2017 to 2019. Furthermore, we determined the interactive effect between paraben levels and GSTM1/GSTT1 polymorphisms using regression analysis, in addition to a generalized linear model after stratifying GSTM1/GSTT1 genotype into three categories.
resultsMethyl and propyl paraben concentrations were significantly and positively associated with birth weight (methyl, β = 116.525, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 22.460-210.590; propyl, β = 82.352, 95% CI = 9.147-155.557) in individuals with the GSTM1-null genotype. Moreover, the propyl paraben concentration was significantly associated with an increase in gestational age (β = 0.312, 95% CI = 0.085-0.539) in individuals with the GSTM1-null genotype.
conclusionsThis study reported the association between prenatal paraben exposure and birth outcomes in individuals with GST polymorphisms. We found positive relationships of maternal exposure to methyl parabens with birth weight in both mothers with GSTM1 and GSTT1-null genotypes.
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