ArticleCancers2021
Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio Predicts Development of Immune-Related Adverse Events and Outcomes from Immune Checkpoint Blockade: A Case-Control Study.
Article in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Peripheral blood cell counts as predictors of immune-related adverse events in cancer patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Predictive value of NLR and PLR for immune-related adverse events: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2024Pooled it
- Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in psoriasis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Archives of dermatological research · 2024Pooled it
- Baseline risk factors associated with immune related adverse events and atezolizumab.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Neutrophil to Lymphocyte ratio as a predictor for immune-related adverse events in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Blood cell counts can predict adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- Development and validation of a predictive model for high-risk immune-related adverse events in gastric cancer patients treated with ICIs.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Risk factors for immune-related adverse events associated with pembrolizumab in patients with solid tumors.Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology · 2026Article
- Integration of inflammatory and nutritional biomarkers with machine learning enhances prediction of progesterone response in fertility-preserving endometrial carcinoma management.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Platelet-neutrophil cooperation in cancer: mechanisms of metastatic niche formation and implications for prognostic stratification and therapy.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2026Review
- Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio as a Prognostic Biomarker in Experimental Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma Induced by 4-Nitroquinoline-1-Oxide-A Pilot Study.Open veterinary journal · 2026Article
- Blood parameters and whole-blood transcriptomics associated with immune-related adverse events in metastatic renal cell carcinoma during nivolumab plus ipilimumab.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Incremental Prognostic Value of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Normotensive Patients with Intermediate-Risk Acute Pulmonary Embolism.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Predictive modeling of treatment-related thyroid dysfunction and prognostic implication in advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma with PD-1 inhibitors.The oncologist · 2026Article
- Immune Profiling Identifies High-Risk Neutrophil-Rich Subtype in Checkpoint Inhibitor Nephritis.Kidney international reports · 2026Article
- Predictors of Immune-Related Cardiac Adverse Events in Patients Receiving Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- Impact of proton pump inhibitor use on immune-related adverse events in patients with non-small cell lung cancer: a retrospective study.BMC cancer · 2026Article
- Clinical Analysis of Peripheral Blood Indicators for Immune-Related Adverse Events (irAEs) in Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer.Clinical Medicine Insights. Oncology · 2026Article
- Role of innate immunity in the development of cancer immunotherapy immune-mediated adverse events.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Development and external validation of an interpretable deep learning model for early immune-related adverse events in hepatocellular carcinoma.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
28 authors.
Funding
Abstract
The utility of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) utility in predicting immune-related adverse events (irAEs) and survival have not been well studied in the context of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). We performed a case-control study of cancer patients who received at least one dose of ICI in a tertiary hospital. We examined NLR and PLR in irAE cases and controls. Logistic and Cox regression models were used to identify independent risk factors for irAEs, progression-free survival (PFS), and overall survival (OS). The study included 91 patients with irAEs and 56 controls. Multiple logistic regression showed that NLR < 3 at baseline was associated with higher occurrence of irAEs. Multivariate Cox regression showed that development of irAEs and reduction in NLR from baseline to week 6 were associated with longer PFS. Higher NLR values at baseline and/or week 6 were independently associated with shorter OS. A reduction in NLR from baseline to week 6 was associated with longer OS. In this study of cancer patients treated with ICIs, NLR has a bidirectional relationship with adverse outcomes. Lower NLR was associated with increased occurrence of irAEs while higher NLR values were associated with worse clinical outcomes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.