Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33803734›Full record

ArticleMolecules (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Thermoplastic Cellulose-Based Compound for Additive Manufacturing.

Kirsi Immonen, Pia Willberg-Keyriläinen, Jarmo Ropponen, Asta Nurmela, Sini Metsä-Kortelainen, Otto-Ville Kaukoniemi, Heli Kangas

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Molecules (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Kirsi ImmonenVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
Pia Willberg-KeyriläinenVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
Jarmo RopponenVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
Asta NurmelaVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
Sini Metsä-KortelainenVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.ORCID 0000-0003-0631-6711
Otto-Ville KaukoniemiVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.
Heli KangasVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland Ltd., Tietotie 4E, P.O. Box 1000, FI-02044 VTT, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-6305-1065

Funding

Horizon 2020 768604
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

The increasing environmental awareness is driving towards novel sustainable high-performance materials applicable for future manufacturing technologies like additive manufacturing (AM). Cellulose is abundantly available renewable and sustainable raw material. This work focused on studying the properties of thermoplastic cellulose-based composites and their properties using injection molding and 3D printing of granules. The aim was to maximize the cellulose content in composites. Different compounds were prepared using cellulose acetate propionate (CAP) and commercial cellulose acetate propionate with plasticizer (CP) as polymer matrices, microcellulose (mc) and novel cellulose-ester additives; cellulose octanoate (C8) and cellulose palmitate (C16). The performance of compounds was compared to a commercial poly(lactic acid)-based cellulose fiber containing composite. As a result, CP-based compounds had tensile and Charpy impact strength properties comparable to commercial reference, but lower modulus. CP-compounds showed glass transition temperature (Tg) over 58% and heat distortion temperature (HDT) 12% higher compared to reference. CAP with C16 had HDT 82.1 °C. All the compounds were 3D printable using granular printing, but CAP compounds had challenges with printed layer adhesion. This study shows the potential to tailor thermoplastic cellulose-based composite materials, although more research is needed before obtaining all-cellulose 3D printable composite material with high-performance.

Indexed as

3D printingadditive manufacturingcellulose derivativegranule printingmicrocellulosethermoplastic cellulose

Identifiers

PMID33803734
PMCPMC8003161

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.