ReviewCancers2021
Emerging Trends for Radio-Immunotherapy in Rectal Cancer.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 29 citations in OpenAlex.
- Short-Course Radiotherapy-Based Total Neoadjuvant Therapy plus Tislelizumab for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer (Neo-STAR): Early Outcomes of a Randomized Phase II Trial.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Screening and identification of key genes related to the immune microenvironment of rectal cancer influenced by radiotherapy based on bioinformatics methods.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Histogram analysis of diffusion kurtosis imaging for T restaging and predicting complete response of locally advanced rectal cancer following neoadjuvant immunotherapy.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2026Article
- Multimodal Preoperative Management of Rectal Cancer: A Review of the Existing Guidelines.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2025Review
- Case Report: Abscopal effect of radiotherapy in a patient with metastatic duodenal adenocarcinoma and resistance to chemoimmunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Advancements in immunotherapy for colorectal cancer treatment: a comprehensive review of strategies, challenges, and future prospective.International journal of colorectal disease · 2024Review
- Novel radiation and targeted therapy combinations for improving rectal cancer outcomes.Expert reviews in molecular medicine · 2024Review
- Review
- Article
- Artificial intelligence for quantifying immune infiltrates interacting with stroma in colorectal cancer.Journal of translational medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Article
- Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Mediated Cancer Theranostics with Radiolabeled Anti-Granzyme B Peptide.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Comparison of Prognosis and Lymph Node Metastasis in T1-Stage Colonic and Rectal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Study.International journal of general medicine · 2022Article
- Predicting response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer: from biomarkers to tumor models.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2022Review
- mFrontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Harnessing the immune system against cancer: current immunotherapy approaches and therapeutic targets.Molecular biology reports · 2021Review
- Observational
- Prognostic Impact of An Integrative Landscape of Clinical, Immune, and Molecular Features in Non-Metastatic Rectal Cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rectal cancer is a heterogeneous disease at the genetic and molecular levels, both aspects having major repercussions on the tumor immune contexture. Whilst microsatellite status and tumor mutational load have been associated with response to immunotherapy, presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes is one of the most powerful prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Yet, the majority of rectal cancers are characterized by microsatellite stability, low tumor mutational burden and poor T cell infiltration. Consequently, these tumors do not respond to immunotherapy and treatment largely relies on radiotherapy alone or in combination with chemotherapy followed by radical surgery. Importantly, pre-clinical and clinical studies suggest that radiotherapy can induce a complete reprograming of the tumor microenvironment, potentially sensitizing it for immune checkpoint inhibition. Nonetheless, growing evidence suggest that this synergistic effect strongly depends on radiotherapy dosing, fractionation and timing. Despite ongoing work, information about the radiotherapy regimen required to yield optimal clinical outcome when combined to checkpoint blockade remains largely unavailable. In this review, we describe the molecular and immune heterogeneity of rectal cancer and outline its prognostic value. In addition, we discuss the effect of radiotherapy on the tumor microenvironment, focusing on the mechanisms and benefits of its combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.