ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Effects of Aquatic Therapy for Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder on Social Competence and Quality of Life: A Mixed Methods Study.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Effects of aquatic exercise on symptoms, behaviors, and motor function in children with autism spectrum disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- The effects of aquatic interventions on emotional and behavioral outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder.Frontiers in psychology · 2026Pooled it
- Exercise dose architecture as a precision-informed developmental framework in autism spectrum disorder: a narrative review of mechanisms, sex- and development-related heterogeneity, and clinical translation.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of conservative and surgical interventions for toe walking in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: a systematic review.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Comparative effectiveness of non-pharmacological interventions for anxiety, depression, and quality of life in individuals with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Pooled it
- Parent Perspectives on Water Safety for Children with Autism.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Article
- Review
- Aquatic Exercise as a Complementary Intervention for Cognitive, Behavioral, Motor, and Functional Outcomes in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, Autism Spectrum Disorder, and Down Syndrome: A Narrative Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Effects of Adapted Aquatic Exercise on Autism-Related Behaviors, Flexibility, and Handgrip Strength in Boys with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Aquatic Interventions to Improve Motor and Social Functioning in Children with ASD: A Systematic Review.Review journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026Review
- Leveraging AI-Driven Neuroimaging Biomarkers for Early Detection and Social Function Prediction in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Systematic Review.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Twenty-Four-Hour Movement Behaviors and Social Functions in Neurodiverse Children: A Scoping Review.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Aquatic Therapy in Children and Adolescents with Disabilities: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Design and validation of AQUA CHILD-Pre-aquatic questionnaire assessing child development.Brain and behavior · 2024Article
- Exploring the application of AI in the education of children with autism: a public health perspective.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2024Article
- Feasibility of Using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for Children and Youth (ICF-CY) as a Framework for Aquatic Activities: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Long-Term Adaptations of a Combined Swimming and Aquatic Therapy Intervention in an Adult Person with High-Functioning Autism (Asperger's Syndrome): A Case Study.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Healthcare Experience of Autistic Patients in Orthopaedic Surgery and Closely Related Fields: A Scoping Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Swimming Lessons for Children With Autism: Parent and Teacher Experiences.OTJR : occupation, participation and health · 2023Article
- Implication of Hippocampal Neurogenesis in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Pathogenesis and Therapeutic Implications.Current neuropharmacology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a constellation of social deficits and repetitive sensory-motor behaviours. Aquatic therapy (AT) may be effective in improving the social interactions and behaviours in children with ASD. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of an AT program on social competence and quality of life and to understand participant's experiences related to the intervention by obtaining qualitative data. A mixed methods intervention study was conducted among 6 children with ASD and their parents, with two research phases in a concurrent embedded design (an aquatic intervention as the quantitative design and a qualitative design in second step). The intervention and qualitative design followed international guidelines and were integrated into the method and reporting subheadings. Significant improvement was observed in the physical competence (
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Registered trials
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