ArticleCells2021
Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) Is Required for Spatial Learning and Memory in Male Mice under Physiological, but Not Immune-Challenged Conditions.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Early-life gastrointestinal inflammation and the developing brain: Unravelling the pathways to long-term cognitive dysfunction.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- P2X7R Signaling and Differential Regulation of Neuroinflammatory and Behavior Responses in Male and Female Mice During Chronic Ethanol Exposure.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Sex hormones and gender differences in immune responses and anticancer immunity: a comprehensive review.Biologia futura · 2026Review
- Article
- TNF as a mediator of metabolic inflammation and body-brain interaction in obesity-driven neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration.Ageing research reviews · 2025Review
- Thermo-Magnetic Induction of Pro-Inflammatory Microglia: A Lipid-Based Nanovector Strategy for Glioblastoma Immunotherapy.ACS applied materials & interfaces · 2025Article
- Expression Levels of the Immunomodulatory Cytokine TNFα and Its Receptor TNFRSF1A in Rat Brain Structures during Long-Term Spatial Memory Formation and Forced Swim Stress.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2025Article
- Effects ofJournal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Controversies and insights into cytokine regulation of neurogenesis and behavior in adult rodents.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Screening of active components of Ganoderma lucidum and decipher its molecular mechanism to improve learning and memory disorders.Bioscience reports · 2024Article
- Transplanting old organs promotes senescence in young recipients.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2024Article
- Deficiency of Autism-Related Gene Dock4 Leads to Impaired Spatial Memory and Hippocampal Function in Mice at Late Middle Age.Cellular and molecular neurobiology · 2023Article
- Neutrophil modulation of behavior and cognition in health and disease: The unexplored role of an innate immune cell.Immunological reviews · 2022Review
- Molecular Signature of Neuroinflammation Induced in Cytokine-Stimulated Human Cortical Spheroids.Biomedicines · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Increasing evidence demonstrates that inflammatory cytokines-such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-are produced at low levels in the brain under physiological conditions and may be crucial for synaptic plasticity, neurogenesis, learning and memory. Here, we examined the effects of developmental TNF deletion on spatial learning and memory using 11-13-month-old TNF knockout (KO) and C57BL6/J wild-type (WT) mice. The animals were tested in the Barnes maze (BM) arena under baseline conditions and 48 h following an injection of the endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which was administered at a dose of 0.5 mg/kg. Vehicle-treated KO mice were impaired compared to WT mice during the acquisition and memory-probing phases of the BM test. No behavioral differences were observed between WT and TNF-KO mice after LPS treatment. Moreover, there were no differences in the hippocampal content of glutamate and noradrenaline between groups. The effects of TNF deletion on spatial learning and memory were observed in male, but not female mice, which were not different compared to WT mice under baseline conditions. These results indicate that TNF is required for spatial learning and memory in male mice under physiological, non-inflammatory conditions, however not following the administration of LPS. Inflammatory signalling can thereby modulate spatial cognition in male subjects, highlighting the importance of sex- and probably age-stratified analysis when examining the role of TNF in the brain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.