ReviewNutrients2021
Rehydration during Endurance Exercise: Challenges, Research, Options, Methods.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.
- TheFrontiers in physiology · 2026Pooled it
- Exploring the gut-exercise link: A systematic review of gastrointestinal disorders in physical activity.World journal of gastroenterology · 2025Pooled it
- Physiological Benefits and Performance of Sea Water Ingestion for Athletes in Endurance Events: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2022Pooled it
- Peppermint essential oil (Mentha piperita L.) increases time to exhaustion in runners.European journal of nutrition · 2023Trial
- Integrative Nutritional Strategies for Performance, Recovery, and Weight Management in Taekwondo.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Review
- 24-Hour Ultra-Marathon Running: A Narrative Review of Performance Factors and Physiological Impacts.Sports medicine - open · 2026Review
- Agreement and Reliability Between Urine Reagent Strips and Refractometry for Field Assessment of Hydration in Ultra-Trail Runners.Nutrients · 2026Article
- Article
- Evaluating sports nutrition advice provided by general-purpose large language models for recreational female marathon runners: a multidimensional descriptive audit.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Validity and reliability of a wearable armband for continuous sweat conductivity monitoring during exercise.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Article
- Fluid balance and electrolyte losses in collegiate male soccer players in practice and game under different environments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Changes in body mass and urinary biomarkers after a long-lasting combat search and rescue military exercise performed in a tropical region.Sports medicine and health science · 2025Article
- Thermoregulatory, physiological, and intestinal responses to functional waters in heat-stressed rats.Veterinary world · 2025Article
- A comparison of oral microbiome composition between highly trained competitive athletes and untrained controls.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Hydration Strategies in Older Adults.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Hydration assessment and physical performance of mountain bike cyclists in competition in a hot environment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Review
- Acid-Base and Electrolyte Balance Responses in the Performance of Female Ultramarathon Runners in a 45 km Mountain Race.Nutrients · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
During endurance exercise, two problems arise from disturbed fluid-electrolyte balance: dehydration and overhydration. The former involves water and sodium losses in sweat and urine that are incompletely replaced, whereas the latter involves excessive consumption and retention of dilute fluids. When experienced at low levels, both dehydration and overhydration have minor or no performance effects and symptoms of illness, but when experienced at moderate-to-severe levels they degrade exercise performance and/or may lead to hydration-related illnesses including hyponatremia (low serum sodium concentration). Therefore, the present review article presents (a) relevant research observations and consensus statements of professional organizations, (b) 5 rehydration methods in which pre-race planning ranges from no advanced action to determination of sweat rate during a field simulation, and (c) 9 rehydration recommendations that are relevant to endurance activities. With this information, each athlete can select the rehydration method that best allows her/him to achieve a hydration middle ground between dehydration and overhydration, to optimize physical performance, and reduce the risk of illness.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.