ReviewCells2021
The Role of Cytokines and Chemokines in Shaping the Immune Microenvironment of Glioblastoma: Implications for Immunotherapy.
Review in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 54 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
54 citing papers in PubMed.
- Focused Ultrasound is Poised to Take Non-Viral Gene Therapies to the Blood-Brain Barrier - and Beyond.Cell biomaterials · 2026Article
- 5-ALA Photodynamic Therapy Induces Competing Death and Survival Pathways in Glioblastoma Cells.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Article
- Review
- Organoids to Model Tumor Microenvironment in Progression of Pathogenesis and Treatment Resistance in Glioblastoma Multiforme.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Article
- Dissecting glioblastoma risk signatures in the tumor immune microenvironment based on multi-dimensional transcriptomics.GigaScience · 2026Article
- Adoptive transfer of ILC2s reveals tumor homing in glioblastoma: a proof-of-concept study.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- A characterisation of the immune cells in immunocompetent and immunodeficient mice with orthotopic brain tumors.Clinical & translational immunology · 2026Article
- Ferroptosis and metabolic reprogramming in the immunosuppressive microenvironment of glioblastoma: emerging mechanisms and novel strategies.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Revealing erythropoietin variant EV-3 as novel driving force and immunotherapeutic target in human glioblastoma.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2025Article
- Microglial Inflammatory Response in the Glioblastoma Microenvironment in Preclinical Models.Molecular neurobiology · 2025Article
- Combined Tumor Cell and Lysate-Based Vaccines for Immunotherapy of Primary and Recurrent Glioblastoma (GBM).Cancers · 2025Review
- Coordinated changes in midkine expression and midkine-associated multiomic profile in glioma microenvironment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Effect of Nematodes-Bacteria Complex Metabolites on Cancer and Tumor Progression.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Immune factors and their role in tumor aggressiveness in glioblastoma: Atypical cadherin FAT1 as a promising target for combating immune evasion.Cellular & molecular biology letters · 2025Review
- Identification of inflammation-related genes signature to establish a prognostic model in MGMT unmethylated glioblastoma patients.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Targeting glioma-associated microglia and macrophages: a new frontier in glioblastoma immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Understanding the Immune System and Biospecimen-Based Response in Glioblastoma: A Practical Guide to Utilizing Signal Redundancy for Biomarker and Immune Signature Discovery.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2024Review
- A novel immune-related gene prognostic signature combining immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoint for glioblastoma patients.Translational cancer research · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Glioblastoma is the most common form of primary brain tumour in adults. For more than a decade, conventional treatment has produced a relatively modest improvement in the overall survival of glioblastoma patients. The immunosuppressive mechanisms employed by neoplastic and non-neoplastic cells within the tumour can limit treatment efficacy, and this can include the secretion of immunosuppressive cytokines and chemokines. These factors can play a significant role in immune modulation, thus disabling anti-tumour responses and contributing to tumour progression. Here, we review the complex interplay between populations of immune and tumour cells together with defined contributions by key cytokines and chemokines to these intercellular interactions. Understanding how these tumour-derived factors facilitate the crosstalk between cells may identify molecular candidates for potential immunotherapeutic targeting, which may enable better tumour control and improved patient survival.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.