ReviewNutrients2021
The Interplay between the Gut Microbiome and the Immune System in the Context of Infectious Diseases throughout Life and the Role of Nutrition in Optimizing Treatment Strategies.
Review in Nutrients, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 290 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
290 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 455 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotic-Driven Competitive Exclusion in the Human Gut: A Meta-Analysis of Microbial Diversity and Pathogen Suppression.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Stabilized adaptive states in microbiome-human integrated physiology: reframing health and chronic disease as symbiotic biological states.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Association between early-life antibiotic exposure and gut microbiome alterations linked to allergic diseases in children: a systematic review.European journal of medical research · 2025Pooled it
- The role of gut microbiota in autoimmune disease progression and therapy: a comprehensive synthesis.Frontiers in microbiomes · 2025Pooled it
- Atopic dermatitis and risk of autoimmune diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Immunological effects of alpha-lactalbumin-enriched low-protein infant formula: A randomized controlled trial.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2025Trial
- Trial
- Saccharomyces boulardii improves clinical and paraclinical indices in overweight/obese knee osteoarthritis patients: a randomized triple-blind placebo-controlled trial.European journal of nutrition · 2024Trial
- Bridging the gap:Gut microbes · 2026Review
- Review
- From genes to environment: A life-course approach to prevent pediatric autoimmune diseases.World journal of clinical pediatrics · 2026Review
- Multi-level aggregation analysis of microbiome composition and host gene expression reveals associations with systemic and local immunity.Microbiology spectrum · 2026Article
- The Gut-Brain Axis in Neurodegeneration: Mechanistic Links Between Dysbiosis and Neuropathology.Iranian journal of pathology · 2026Review
- Prevalence and associated factors of malnutrition among adults living with HIV on ART: a pilot study.Metabolism open · 2026Article
- Postdiagnosis healthy dietary patterns in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality and life expectancy among adults with type 2 diabetes: evidence from cohort studies.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2026Article
- The Gut-Iron-Immune Axis in Severe Anaemia and Bacteraemia.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Cecal microbiota regulates meat quality of Yanshan red jade broilers: insights from metagenomics and targeted metabolomics.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Association between self-reported oral health issues and autoimmune diseases: evidence from UK biobank.BMC oral health · 2026Article
- Mechanistic insights into probiotic modulation of the gut-immune axis and their role as sustainable antibiotic alternatives in poultry production: An integrative review.Veterinary world · 2026Article
- Microbiota-derived metabolite landscapes modulate Fusobacterium fitness and colorectal cancer cell behaviour.Gut pathogens · 2026Article
230 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Infectious diseases and infections remain a leading cause of death in low-income countries and a major risk to vulnerable groups, such as infants and the elderly. The immune system plays a crucial role in the susceptibility, persistence, and clearance of these infections. With 70-80% of immune cells being present in the gut, there is an intricate interplay between the intestinal microbiota, the intestinal epithelial layer, and the local mucosal immune system. In addition to the local mucosal immune responses in the gut, it is increasingly recognized that the gut microbiome also affects systemic immunity. Clinicians are more and more using the increased knowledge about these complex interactions between the immune system, the gut microbiome, and human pathogens. The now well-recognized impact of nutrition on the composition of the gut microbiota and the immune system elucidates the role nutrition can play in improving health. This review describes the mechanisms involved in maintaining the intricate balance between the microbiota, gut health, the local immune response, and systemic immunity, linking this to infectious diseases throughout life, and highlights the impact of nutrition in infectious disease prevention and treatment.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.