ReviewBiomolecules2021
3-Hydroxybutyrate as a Metabolite and a Signal Molecule Regulating Processes of Living Organisms.
Review in Biomolecules, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 91 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
91 citing papers in PubMed, 178 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enantiomer-Specific Cardiovascular Effects of the Ketone Body 3-Hydroxybutyrate.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2024Trial
- Randomized crossover clinical trial of coenzyme Q10 and nicotinamide riboside in chronic kidney disease.JCI insight · 2023Trial
- Short-term fasting in glioma patients: analysis of diet diaries and metabolic parameters of the ERGO2 trial.European journal of nutrition · 2022Trial
- Degradation pathway of (R)-1,3-butanediol inApplied and environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Article
- Screening of "Cry for Help" Signals fromMetabolites · 2026Article
- A Kidney-Microbiome Short- and Medium-Chain Fatty Acid Loop Mediated by OAT1: Implications for the Remote Sensing and Signaling Theory.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Association between circulating metabolites and endometriosis: a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Obstetrics & gynecology science · 2026Article
- In Vitro Cytotoxic Activity ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Production, Transport, and Metabolism of Volatile Fatty Acids in the Yak Rumen: Unraveling the Unique Mechanisms Underpinning High-Altitude Adaptation.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Temperature Dependence of Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-Environmental science & technology · 2026Article
- Designing Nutrition Studies for Long COVID and Related Infection-Associated Chronic Illness: Qualitative Insights From a Patient-Reported Evaluation of Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy.Journal of patient experience · 2026Article
- Telehealth-Based Ketogenic Metabolic Therapy With Lifestyle Interventions for Post-viral Illness: A Research Brief of Patients' Experiences.Journal of patient experience · 2026Article
- Blood-Based Metabolomic Biomarkers and Personality Traits in Major Depressive Disorder: Toward an Integrated Framework for Precision Psychiatry.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Modifying microbially derived short chain fatty acids to promote health.The Journal of physiology · 2026Review
- Modulation of sepsis by Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and the potential role of short-chain fatty acid levels in feces and blood.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Functional and Mechanistic Insights of 3-Hydroxybutyrate (3-OBA) in Bladder Cancer.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Metabolic Profiling of Wheat Seedlings Under Oxygen Deficiency and Subsequent Reaeration Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Integrated Metabolomic, Molecular, and Morphological Insights into the Degradation of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB) byACS omega · 2025Article
- Advancing Clinical and Pathophysiological Insights into Pancreatitis Using Lipidomics and Metabolomics.Metabolites · 2025Review
31 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) as a very important metabolite occurs in animals, bacteria and plants. It is well known that in animals, 3-HB is formed as a product of the normal metabolism of fatty acid oxidation and can therefore be used as an energy source in the absence of sufficient blood glucose. In microorganisms, 3-HB mainly serves as a substrate for the synthesis of polyhydroxybutyrate, which is a reserve material. Recent studies show that in plants, 3-HB acts as a regulatory molecule that most likely influences the expression of genes involved in DNA methylation, thereby altering DNA methylation levels. Additionally, in animals, 3-HB is not only an intermediate metabolite, but also an important regulatory molecule that can influence gene expression, lipid metabolism, neuronal function, and overall metabolic rate. Some of these effects are the direct effects of 3-HB itself, while others are indirect effects, regulated by the metabolites into which 3-HB is converted. One of the most important regulatory functions of 3-HB is the inhibition of the activity of histone deacetylases and thus the epigenetic regulation of many genes. Due to the number of functions of this compound, it also shows promising therapeutic properties.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.