ArticlePharmaceutics2021
Cyclosporine Lipid Nanocapsules as Thermoresponsive Gel for Dry Eye Management: Promising Corneal Mucoadhesion, Biodistribution and Preclinical Efficacy in Rabbits.
Article in Pharmaceutics, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Advances in Pharmacotherapy and Physiotherapy for Dry Eye Disease: Molecular Mechanisms and Future Directions-A Narrative Literature Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Ion‑Responsive in situ Gel of Quercetin‑Loaded PEGylated Liposomes for Anti‑inflammatory Treatment of Dry Eye Disease.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Article
- Exploring bioadhesion: insight on innovative strategies to investigate bioadhesive scaffolds.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2025Review
- Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of 0.1% Cyclosporine A Cationic Emulsion in Advanced Dry Eye Disease: A 24-Month Retrospective Study.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative evaluation of nano ocular delivery systems loaded pH and thermosensitive in situ gels for Acanthamoeba keratitis treatment.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Brain targeted lactoferrin coated lipid nanocapsules for the combined effects of apocynin and lavender essential oil in PTZ induced seizures.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Fluconazole-loaded Hyaluronic Acid-modified Transfersomal Hydrogels Containing D-panthenol for Ocular Delivery in Fungal Keratitis Management.Current drug delivery · 2025Article
- Preliminary study of cyclosporine A/Lifitegrast subconjunctival sustained-release drug membrane in the treatment of dry eyes.Eye and vision (London, England) · 2024Article
- Research progress of ophthalmic preparations of immunosuppressants.Drug delivery · 2023Review
- Recent Advances of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Prominence of Ocular Implants for Chronic Eye Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Updates on Biodegradable Formulations for Ocular Drug Delivery.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Biopolymers in Mucoadhesive Eye Drops for Treatment of Dry Eye and Allergic Conditions: Application and Perspectives.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Engineering Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Dry Eye: A Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Fabrication of nanostructured lipid carriers ocugel for enhancing Loratadine used in treatment of COVID-19 related symptoms: statistical optimization,Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Histopathological, physiological and biochemical assessment of resveratrol nanocapsules efficacy in bleomycin-induced acute and chronic lung injury in rats.Drug delivery · 2022Article
- Review
- Fluorescent Nanosystems for Drug Tracking and Theranostics: Recent Applications in the Ocular Field.Pharmaceutics · 2022Review
- Exploring a Novel Fasudil-Phospholipid Complex Formulated as Liposomal Thermosensitive in situ Gel for Glaucoma.International journal of nanomedicine · 2022Article
- Cellulosic Polymers for Enhancing Drug Bioavailability in Ocular Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
An ophthalmic cyclosporine (CsA) formulation based on Lipid nanocapsules (LNC) was developed for dry eye management, aiming to provide targeting to ocular tissues with long-term drug levels and maximum tolerability. CsA-LNC were of small particle size (41.9 ± 4.0 nm), narrow size distribution (PdI ≤ 0.1), and high entrapment efficiency (above 98%). Chitosan (C) was added to impart positive charge. CsA-LNC were prepared as in-situ gels using poloxamer 407 (P). Ex vivo mucoadhesive strength was evaluated using bovine cornea, while in vivo corneal biodistribution (using fluorescent DiI), efficacy in dry eye using Schirmer tear test (STT), and ocular irritation using Draize test were studied in rabbits compared to marketed ophthalmic CsA nanoemulsion (CsA-NE) and CsA in castor oil. LNC incorporation in in-situ gels resulted in an increase in mucoadhesion, and stronger fluorescence in corneal layers seen by confocal microscopy, compared to the other tested formulations. Rate of recovery (days required to restore corneal baseline hydration level) assessed over 10 days, showed that CsA-LNC formulations produced complete recovery by day 7 comparable to CsA-NE. No Ocular irritation was observed by visual and histopathological examination. Based on data generated, CsA-LNC-CP in-situ gel proved to be a promising effective nonirritant CsA ophthalmic formulation for dry eye management.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.