ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2021
Microglia Development and Maturation and Its Implications for Induction of Microglia-Like Cells from Human iPSCs.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Arp2/3 complex controls the development of homeostatic microglia.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- From mice to clinical relevance: humanizing neuroscience with human-based model systems.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2026Review
- Coro1A and TRIM67 collaborate in netrin-dependent neuronal morphogenesis.The Journal of cell biology · 2025Article
- Controlled Delivery of a Neurotrophic Factor in the Adult Mouse Brain Using Engineered Microglia.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Review
- Genetics and current research models of Mendelian tumor predisposition syndromes with ocular involvement.Progress in retinal and eye research · 2025Review
- A Comprehensive Review on Utilizing Human Brain Organoids to Study Neuroinflammation in Neurological Disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Review
- Targeting glioma-associated microglia and macrophages: a new frontier in glioblastoma immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Application of diceCT to Study the Development of the Zika Virus-Infected Mouse Brain.Viruses · 2024Article
- Transcriptome analysis identifies an ASD-Like phenotype in oligodendrocytes and microglia from C58/J amygdala that is dependent on sex and sociability.Behavioral and brain functions : BBF · 2024Article
- Stem cell engineering approaches for investigating glial cues in central nervous system disorders.Current opinion in biotechnology · 2024Review
- Metabolic dynamics in astrocytes and microglia during post-natal development and their implications for autism spectrum disorders.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Review
- Regulation of astrocyte metabolism by mitochondrial translocator protein 18kDa.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Unbiased Quantitative Single-Cell Morphometric Analysis to Identify Microglia Reactivity in Developmental Brain Injury.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- The Generation and Functional Characterization of Human Microglia-Like Cells Derived from iPS and Embryonic Stem Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2023Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in Chronic Demyelinating Diseases: Prospects in Treatment and Diagnosis of Autoimmune Neurological Disorders.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Comparison of Microglial Morphology and Function in Primary Cerebellar Cell Cultures on Collagen and Collagen-Mimetic Hydrogels.Biomedicines · 2022Article
- Human stem cell models of neurodegeneration: From basic science of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis to clinical translation.Cell stem cell · 2022Review
- Knowledge domains and emerging trends of microglia research from 2002 to 2021: A bibliometric analysis and visualization study.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Article
- Infections in the Developing Brain: The Role of the Neuro-Immune Axis.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system and play critical roles during the development, homeostasis, and pathologies of the brain. Originated from yolk sac erythromyeloid progenitors, microglia immigrate into the embryonic brain parenchyma to undergo final postnatal differentiation and maturation driven by distinct chemokines, cytokines, and growth factors. Among them, TGFβ1 is an important regulator of microglial functions, mediating homeostasis, anti-inflammation, and triggering the expression of microglial homeostatic signature genes. Since microglia studies are mainly based on rodent cells and the isolation of homeostatic microglia from human tissue is challenging, human-induced pluripotent stem cells have been successfully differentiated into microglia-like cells recently. However, employed differentiation protocols strongly vary regarding used cytokines and growth factors, culture conditions, time span, and cell yield. Moreover, the incomplete differentiation of human microglia can hamper the similarity to primary human microglia and dramatically influence the outcome of follow-up studies with these differentiated cells. This review summarizes the current knowledge of the molecular mechanisms driving rodent microglia differentiation in vivo, further compares published differentiation protocols, and highlights the potential of TGFβ as an essential maturation factor.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.