Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33802216›Full record

ArticleSensors (Basel, Switzerland)2021

LOCATE-US: Indoor Positioning for Mobile Devices Using Encoded Ultrasonic Signals, Inertial Sensors and Graph-Matching.

David Gualda, María Carmen Pérez-Rubio, Jesús Ureña, Sergio Pérez-Bachiller, José Manuel Villadangos, Álvaro Hernández, Juan Jesús García, Ana Jiménez

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Sensors (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

David GualdaDepartment of Electronics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain.
María Carmen Pérez-RubioDepartment of Electronics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-8271-6843
Jesús UreñaDepartment of Electronics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5326-0752
Sergio Pérez-BachillerDepartment of Electronics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain.
José Manuel VilladangosDepartment of Electronics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-5900-0978
Álvaro HernándezDepartment of Electronics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0001-9308-8133
Juan Jesús GarcíaDepartment of Electronics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0002-7121-8651
Ana JiménezDepartment of Electronics, University of Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, 28801 Madrid, Spain.ORCID 0000-0003-0713-0054

Funding

Comunidad de Madrid CM/JIN/2019-043Junta de Comunidades de Castilla-La Mancha FrailCheck project, SBPLY/17/180501/000392Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades RTI2018-095168-B-C51, PID2019-105470RA-C33
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Indoor positioning remains a challenge and, despite much research and development carried out in the last decade, there is still no standard as with the Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) outdoors. This paper presents an indoor positioning system called LOCATE-US with adjustable granularity for use with commercial mobile devices, such as smartphones or tablets. LOCATE-US is privacy-oriented and allows every device to compute its own position by fusing ultrasonic, inertial sensor measurements and map information. Ultrasonic Local Positioning Systems (U-LPS) based on encoded signals are placed in critical zones that require an accuracy below a few decimeters to correct the accumulated drift errors of the inertial measurements. These systems are well suited to work at room level as walls confine acoustic waves inside. To avoid audible artifacts, the U-LPS emission is set at 41.67 kHz, and an ultrasonic acquisition module with reduced dimensions is attached to the mobile device through the USB port to capture signals. Processing in the mobile device involves an improved Time Differences of Arrival (TDOA) estimation that is fused with the measurements from an external inertial sensor to obtain real-time location and trajectory display at a 10 Hz rate. Graph-matching has also been included, considering available prior knowledge about the navigation scenario. This kind of device is an adequate platform for Location-Based Services (LBS), enabling applications such as augmented reality, guiding applications, or people monitoring and assistance. The system architecture can easily incorporate new sensors in the future, such as UWB, RFiD or others.

Indexed as

Android applicationindoor LPSinertial measurementssensor fusionsmartphone positioningultrasonic signals

Identifiers

PMID33802216
PMCPMC8001629

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.