Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33802148›Full record

ReviewJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland)2021

The Role of Fungi in the Cocoa Production Chain and the Challenge of Climate Change.

Johannes Delgado-Ospina, Junior Bernardo Molina-Hernández, Clemencia Chaves-López, Gianfranco Romanazzi, Antonello Paparella

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
13.0field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Technological potential of Bacillus megaterium in Cacao bean fermentation.International microbiology : the official journal of the Spanish Society for Microbiology · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. RapidAnalytical chemistry · 2025
    Article
  4. Sustainable Lipid Production withMicroorganisms · 2025
    Review
  5. Viruses · 2025
    Article
  6. Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025
    Review
  7. Review
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Green Management of Postharvest Anthracnose Caused byJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Optimal NPK Fertilizer Combination IncreasesFrontiers in microbiology · 2022
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Johannes Delgado-OspinaFaculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8095-4741
Junior Bernardo Molina-HernándezFaculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8752-2420
Clemencia Chaves-LópezFaculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-7373-7888
Gianfranco RomanazziDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, via Brecce Bianche, 60131 Ancona, Italy.ORCID 0000-0003-0390-4008
Antonello PaparellaFaculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, via R. Balzarini 1, 64100 Teramo, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-8479-7253
University of Teramo · ITMarche Polytechnic University · IT

Funding

Colciencias, Patrimonio Autónomo Fondo Nacional de Financiamiento para la Ciencia, la Tecnología y la Innovación Francisco José de Caldas C. 808-2018. Agreement 240-2019. Number 123280864259.
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe role of fungi in cocoa crops is mainly associated with plant diseases and contamination of harvest with unwanted metabolites such as mycotoxins that can reach the final consumer. However, in recent years there has been interest in discovering other existing interactions in the environment that may be beneficial, such as antagonism, commensalism, and the production of specific enzymes, among others. Scope and approach: This review summarizes the different fungi species involved in cocoa production and the cocoa supply chain. In particular, it examines the presence of fungal species during cultivation, harvest, fermentation, drying, and storage, emphasizing the factors that possibly influence their prevalence in the different stages of production and the health risks associated with the production of mycotoxins in the light of recent literature. Key findings and conclusion: Fungi associated with the cocoa production chain have many different roles. They have evolved in a varied range of ecosystems in close association with plants and various habitats, affecting nearly all the cocoa chain steps. Reports of the isolation of 60 genera of fungi were found, of which only 19 were involved in several stages. Although endophytic fungi can help control some diseases caused by pathogenic fungi, climate change, with increased rain and temperatures, together with intensified exchanges, can favour most of these fungal infections, and the presence of highly aggressive new fungal genotypes increasing the concern of mycotoxin production. For this reason, mitigation strategies need to be determined to prevent the spread of disease-causing fungi and preserve beneficial ones.

Indexed as

cocoafermentationfilamentous fungusfungal diseasesTheobroma cacao

Identifiers

PMID33802148
PMCPMC7999002
OpenAlexW3134698421

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.