ArticleCells2021
Hypoxia-Induced Reactivity of Tumor-Associated Astrocytes Affects Glioma Cell Properties.
Article in Cells, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 32 citations in OpenAlex.
- Mitochondria transfer in glioblastoma.Neuro-oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Glioblastoma as a neuro-immune network disorder: rethinking the tumor microenvironment, neural circuit integration, and therapeutic resistance.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- Research progress on glioma drug resistance: mechanism analysis and therapeutic strategies.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Review
- Single-Cell and Bulk Transcriptomic Integration Reveals a Stemness-Related Astrocyte Subpopulation for Prognostic Risk Stratification in Glioblastoma.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Spatial profiling of longitudinal glioblastoma reveals consistent changes in cellular architecture, post-treatment.Neuro-oncology · 2025Article
- A Murine Model of Glioblastoma Initiating Cells and Human Brain Organoid Xenograft for Photodynamic Therapy Testing.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Inhibition of hypoxic exosomal miR-423-3p decreases glioma progression by restricting autophagy in astrocytes.Cell death & disease · 2025Article
- Breaking Down Glioma-Microenvironment Crosstalk.The Neuroscientist : a review journal bringing neurobiology, neurology and psychiatry · 2025Review
- Reactive Astrocytes in Glioma: Emerging Opportunities and Challenges.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Complement Factor H Is an ICOS Ligand Modulating Tregs in the Glioma Microenvironment.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Neuroprotective Proteins in Hypoxia-stressed Astrocyte-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.Current neuropharmacology · 2025Article
- Review
- Hypoxia-induced complement component 3 promotes aggressive tumor growth in the glioblastoma microenvironment.JCI insight · 2024Article
- Understanding the Significance of Hypoxia-Inducible Factors (HIFs) in Glioblastoma: A Systematic Review.Cancers · 2024Review
- Deciphering the role of transcription factors in glioblastoma cancer stem cells.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2024Review
- Tumor suppressor role of the complement inhibitor CSMD1 and its role in TNF-induced neuroinflammation in gliomas.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2024Article
- Deciphering the CNS-glioma dialogue: Advanced insights into CNS-glioma communication pathways and their therapeutic potential.Journal of central nervous system disease · 2024Review
- Preclinical Studies with Glioblastoma Brain Organoid Co-Cultures Show Efficient 5-ALA Photodynamic Therapy.Cells · 2023Article
- The tumor micro-environment in pediatric glioma: friend or foe?Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Glioblastoma is characterized by extensive necrotic areas with surrounding hypoxia. The cancer cell response to hypoxia in these areas is well-described; it involves a metabolic shift and an increase in stem cell-like characteristics. Less is known about the hypoxic response of tumor-associated astrocytes, a major component of the glioma tumor microenvironment. Here, we used primary human astrocytes and a genetically engineered glioma mouse model to investigate the response of this stromal cell type to hypoxia. We found that astrocytes became reactive in response to intermediate and severe hypoxia, similarly to irradiated and temozolomide-treated astrocytes. Hypoxic astrocytes displayed a potent hypoxia response that appeared to be driven primarily by hypoxia-inducible factor 2-alpha (HIF-2α). This response involved the activation of classical HIF target genes and the increased production of hypoxia-associated cytokines such as TGF-β1, IL-3, angiogenin, VEGF-A, and IL-1 alpha. In vivo, astrocytes were present in proximity to perinecrotic areas surrounding HIF-2α expressing cells, suggesting that hypoxic astrocytes contribute to the glioma microenvironment. Extracellular matrix derived from hypoxic astrocytes increased the proliferation and drug efflux capability of glioma cells. Together, our findings suggest that hypoxic astrocytes are implicated in tumor growth and potentially stemness maintenance by remodeling the tumor microenvironment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.