ReviewCancers2021
Targeting the Tumor Microenvironment for Improving Therapeutic Effectiveness in Cancer Immunotherapy: Focusing on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors and Combination Therapies.
Review in Cancers, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed, 63 citations in OpenAlex.
- Single-cell analysis reveals crosstalk between TREM1-positive myeloid cells and cancer-associated fibroblasts in colorectal cancer progression.Journal of gastroenterology · 2026Article
- Nutraceuticals in Uro-Oncology: A Structured Expert Review and Precision-Oriented Framework.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Innovative immunotherapy approaches: harnessing synergy of dual checkpoint blockade in oncology.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer: from mechanistic insights to emerging combination frontlines.Clinical and experimental medicine · 2026Review
- Bispecific and multispecific immune engagers for redirecting innate and adaptive immunity against hematologic cancers.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Tumor Microenvironments in Malignant Ovarian Germ Cell Tumors: MHC Class I Loss and T-Cell Exhaustion in Dysgerminoma.Cancer science · 2026Article
- Novel PD-L1 Small-Molecule Inhibitors Advancing Cancer Immunotherapy.Anti-cancer agents in medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Low pH, High Stakes: A Narrative Review Exploring the Acid-Sensing GPR65 Pathway as a Novel Approach in Renal Cell Carcinoma.Cancers · 2025Review
- Single-cell transcriptomic analyses provide insights into SPP1Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2025Article
- Decoding the Tumor Microenvironment: Insights and New Targets from Single-Cell Sequencing and Spatial Transcriptomics.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Review
- Review
- Investigation of the CTLA-4-CD28 Axis in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Predicting Treatment Outcomes in Glioblastoma: A Risk Score Model for TMZ Resistance and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition.Biology · 2025Article
- Selective STING Activation in Intratumoral Myeloid Cells via CCR2-Directed Antibody-Drug Conjugate TAK-500.Cancer immunology research · 2025Article
- Defining gastric cancer ecology: the crucial roles of TREM2Communications biology · 2025Article
- Anti-Cancer Strategies Using Anaerobic Spore-Forming BacteriaLife (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Novel strategies to overcome tumor immunotherapy resistance using CAR NK cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Utilizing Nanoparticles to Overcome Anti-PD-1/PD-L1 Immunotherapy Resistance in Non-Small Cell Lung cancer: A Potential Strategy.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Review
- Bispecific Antibodies in Glioblastoma: Mechanistic Advances, Delivery Innovations, and Translational Challenges in Overcoming Immune Escape.International journal of medical sciences · 2025Review
- Shifting cold to hot tumors by nanoparticle-loaded drugs and products.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Immune checkpoints play critical roles in the regulation of T-cell effector function, and the effectiveness of their inhibitors in cancer therapy has been established. Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) constitute a paradigm shift in cancer therapy in general and cancer immunotherapy in particular. Immunotherapy has been indicated to reinvigorate antitumor T-cell activity and dynamically modulate anticancer immune responses. However, despite the promising results in the use of immunotherapy in some cancers, numerous patients do not respond to ICIs without the existence of a clear predictive biomarker. Overall, immunotherapy involves a certain degree of uncertainty and complexity. Research on the exploration of cellular and molecular factors within the tumor microenvironment (TME) aims to identify possible mechanisms of immunotherapy resistance, as well as to develop novel combination strategies involving the specific targeting of the TME for cancer immunotherapy. The combination of this approach with other types of treatment, including immune checkpoint blockade therapy involving multiple agents, most of the responses and effects in cancer therapy could be significantly enhanced, but the appropriate combinations have yet to be established. Moreover, the in-depth exploration of complexity within the TME allows for the exploration of pathways of immune dysfunction. It may also aid in the identification of new therapeutic targets. This paper reviews recent advances in the improvement of therapeutic efficacy on the immune context of the TME and highlights its contribution to cancer immunotherapy.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.