ArticleInternational journal of environmental research and public health2021
Tuberculosis and Non-Communicable Disease Multimorbidity: An Analysis of the World Health Survey in 48 Low- and Middle-Income Countries.
Article in International journal of environmental research and public health, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multimorbidity and the risk of post-tuberculosis lung disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ global health · 2026Pooled it
- Prevalence and risks of tuberculosis multimorbidity in low-income and middle-income countries: a meta-review.BMJ open · 2022Pooled it
- Integrating tuberculosis and noncommunicable diseases care in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs): A systematic review.PLoS medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Comorbidity profiles and their impact on treatment outcomes in elderly patients with pulmonary tuberculosis: a single-center retrospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Reframing TB Care: A Perspective on Multimorbidity-Centered Care for People with TB.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2026Article
- Tuberculosis comorbidities, multimorbidity and mortality amongst adults in South Africa: A prospective cohort study nested in a trial.PLOS global public health · 2026Article
- Multimorbidity and animal models.Animal models and experimental medicine · 2025Review
- Person-centred care for people with tuberculosis-associated comorbidities: a multi-country qualitative study.BMJ open · 2025Article
- A quadral biosignature of IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-12 and IP-10 increases the diagnostic potential for latent tuberculosis among diabetic patients in Uganda.BMC immunology · 2025Article
- Artificial intelligence for tuberculosis control: a scoping review of applications in public health.Journal of global health · 2025Article
- Multimorbid life expectancy across race, socio-economic status, and sex in South Africa.Population studies · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis and Increased Incidence of Cardiovascular Disease: Cohort Study Using United States and United Kingdom Health Records.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2025Article
- Review
- Prevalence and clinical profile of comorbidity among newly diagnosed pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a multi-center observational study in eastern China.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
- Comorbidities and Treatment Outcomes in Patients Diagnosed with Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in Rural Eastern Cape Province, South Africa.Diseases (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Landscaping tuberculosis multimorbidity: findings from a cross-sectional study in India.BMC public health · 2024Article
- Comorbidity increases the risk of pulmonary tuberculosis: a nested case-control study using multi-source big data.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2024Article
- Article
- Managing Comorbidities, Determinants and Disability at Start and End of TB Treatment under Routine Program Conditions in China.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2023Article
- Multimorbidity prevalence and chronic disease patterns among tuberculosis survivors in a high-income setting.Canadian journal of public health = Revue canadienne de sante publique · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a leading cause of mortality in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). TB multimorbidity [TB and ≥1 non-communicable diseases (NCDs)] is common, but studies are sparse. Cross-sectional, community-based data including adults from 21 low-income countries and 27 middle-income countries were utilized from the World Health Survey. Associations between 9 NCDs and TB were assessed with multivariable logistic regression analysis. Years lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated using disability weights provided by the 2017 Global Burden of Disease Study. Eight out of 9 NCDs (all except visual impairment) were associated with TB (odds ratio (OR) ranging from 1.38-4.0). Prevalence of self-reported TB increased linearly with increasing numbers of NCDs. Compared to those with no NCDs, those who had 1, 2, 3, 4, and ≥5 NCDs had 2.61 (95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.14-3.22), 4.71 (95%CI = 3.67-6.11), 6.96 (95%CI = 4.95-9.87), 10.59 (95%CI = 7.10-15.80), and 19.89 (95%CI = 11.13-35.52) times higher odds for TB. Among those with TB, the most prevalent combinations of NCDs were angina and depression, followed by angina and arthritis. For people with TB, the YLDs were three times higher than in people without multimorbidity or TB, and a third of the YLDs were attributable to NCDs. Urgent research to understand, prevent and manage NCDs in people with TB in LMICs is needed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.