ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Kidney Stone Formers: A Comparative Cohort Study with a Median Follow-Up of 19 Years.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Metabolic abnormalities in pure vs. mixed struvite stone formers: A retrospective comparative analysis utilising large language models for data extraction.BJUI compass · 2025Article
- Dysregulated lipid metabolism in kidney stone pathogenesis: a literature review of mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications.BMC urology · 2025Review
- Enhancer Profiling Reveals a Protective Role of RXRα Against Calcium Oxalate-Induced Crystal Deposition and Kidney Injury.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- Increased sagittal abdominal diameter is associated with a higher risk of kidney stones.PloS one · 2025Article
- Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease and risk of nephrolithiasis: a sizeable cross-sectional study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Article
- Elucidating shared biomarkers and pathways in kidney stones and diabetes: insights into novel therapeutic targets and the role of resveratrol.Journal of translational medicine · 2023Article
- Nephrolithiasis: A Red Flag for Cardiovascular Risk.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Is the visceral adiposity index a potential indicator for the risk of kidney stones?Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
- Global Trends in Incidence and Burden of Urolithiasis from 1990 to 2019: An Analysis of Global Burden of Disease Study Data.European urology open science · 2022Article
- Special Issue 'Minimally Invasive Urological Procedures and Related Technological Developments'.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundKidney stone formers (SF) are more likely to develop diabetes mellitus (DM), but there is no study examining risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in this population. We aimed to describe the risk of MetS in SF compared to non-SF. METHODS AND MATERIALS: SF referred to a tertiary referral metabolic centre in Southern England from 1990 to 2007, comparator patients were age, sex, and period (first stone) matched with 3:1 ratio from the same primary care database. SF with no documentation or previous MetS were excluded. Ethical approval was obtained and MetS was defined using the modified Association of American Clinical Endocrinologists (AACE) criteria. Analysis with cox proportional hazard regression.
resultsIn total, 828 SF were included after 1000 records were screened for inclusion, with 2484 age and sex matched non-SF comparators. Median follow-up was 19 years (interquartile range-IQR: 15-22) for both stone formers and stone-free comparators. SF were at significantly increased risk of developing MetS (hazard ratio-HR: 1.77; 95% confidence interval-CI: 1.55-2.03,
conclusionsKidney stone formers are at increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome. Given the pathophysiological mechanism, the stone is likely a 'symptom' of an underlying metabolic abnormality, whether covert or overt. This has implications the risk of further stone events and cardiovascular disease.
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