ArticleJournal of clinical medicine2021
Categorization of Marketed Artificial Tear Formulations Based on Their Ingredients: A Rational Approach for Their Use.
Article in Journal of clinical medicine, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 65 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evidence map for randomized controlled trials of treatment of acupuncture and moxibustion for dry eye disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Pooled it
- The Effect of Sodium Hyaluronate Eye Drops 2, 4 or 6 Times a Day on Signs and Symptoms of Dry Eye Disease.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2023Trial
- Ophthalmic dispensing patterns in New Zealand: a ten-year review.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Bridging Therapeutics and Nanotechnology in Dry Eye Disease: A Review of Risk Factors, Drug Delivery Barriers, and Recent and Future Endeavors for Disease Management.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2026Review
- Dry Eye Disease: From Mechanisms to Management and Future Directions.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Could a Preservative Have Prevented the Extremely-Drug ResistantCurrent eye research · 2026Article
- Management of Dry Eye Disease with Artificial Tears Containing Hyaluronic Acid and Trehalose: A Narrative Review.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Shear-Stress-Dependent Viscous Properties of Hyaluronic-Based Lubricants.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Immediate Impact of Artificial Tear Composition on Optical Aberrations: A Comparative Study of Lipid and Non-Lipid Hydroxypropyl Guar Formulations.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2025Article
- Combination Therapy with Trehalose and Hyaluronic Acid Restores Tear Lipid Layer Functionality by Ameliorating Inflammatory Response Protein Markers on the Ocular Surface of Dry Eye Patients.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Can the choice of artificial tears harm patients? A narrative review with an overview of the Nordic market.Acta ophthalmologica · 2025Review
- Emerging Age-Specific Therapeutic Approaches for Dry Eye Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Biodegradable Contact Lenses for Targeted Ocular Drug Delivery: Recent Advances, Clinical Applications, and Translational Perspectives.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- A Bioengineered Model of the Human Cornea for Preclinical Assessment of Human Ocular Exposure to Environmental Toxicants.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- Progress and Prospects in the Treatment of Lacrimal Gland Dysfunction Diseases: From Traditional Treatment Methods to Stem Cell and Organoid Therapies.Stem cells international · 2025Review
- Enhancing the hypotensive effect of latanoprost by combining synthetic phosphatidylcholine liposomes with hyaluronic acid and osmoprotective agents.Drug delivery and translational research · 2024Article
- The new preservative-free ophthalmic formulation of bilastine 0.6% preserves the ocular surface epithelial integrity in a comparative in vitro study.Scientific reports · 2024Article
- Bioinspired and Multifunctional Tribological Materials for Sliding, Erosive, Machining, and Energy-Absorbing Conditions: A Review.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Artificial Tear Instillation-Induced Changes in Corneal Topography.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Overview of processed excipients in ocular drug delivery: Opportunities so far and bottlenecks.Heliyon · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Dry eye disease is a common ocular condition affecting millions of people worldwide. Artificial tears are the first line therapy for the management of dry eye disease. Artificial tear formulations contain a variety of active ingredients, biologically active excipients, and preservatives. Many of these formulations are also available as preservative-free. This study was conducted to inspect artificial tear formulations currently marketed in the United States for their active ingredients, biologically relevant excipients, and preservatives. The marketed artificial tears were examined at various US retail pharmacy chains and using the manufacturers' website to compile information about active ingredients, inactive ingredients, and preservatives. The currently marketed artificial tears can be grouped into four categories based on their active ingredients. The artificial tears also contain biologically active chemicals listed as inactive ingredients, which have osmoprotectant, humectant, and tear film lipid layer or mucous layer mimicking properties. Most artificial tears contain vanishing type preservatives such as purite or sodium perborate and safer quaternary compound polyquaternium-1. The majority of these artificial tear formulations are also available as preservative-free single dose unit. The study provides a formulary of artificial tears based on active ingredients, biologically active excipients, and the preservative-free option. The formulary should assist healthcare providers in making a stepwise and rational selection of appropriate artificial tears for patients suffering from dry eye disease.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.