ArticleViruses2021
The Combination of Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) Synergistically Inactivates SARS-CoV-2.
Article in Viruses, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Exploring the Therapeutic Potential of Bromelain: Applications, Benefits, and Mechanisms.Nutrients · 2024Pooled it
- Preclinical assessment of inhalational subacute safety of nebulized MP-171 (BromAc®).BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Harnessing therapeutic potential of bromelain and its nanoformulations: sojourn of pineapple from food to nanomedicine.Daru : journal of Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences · 2025Review
- Bromelain in Obesity Therapy: A Review of Anti-Inflammatory and Metabolic Mechanisms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Antiviral effect of Bromelain combined with acetylcysteine against SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Beneficial Effects Induced by a Proprietary Blend of a New Bromelain-Based Polyenzymatic Complex Plus N-Acetylcysteine in Urinary Tract Infections: Results from In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Current Uses of Bromelain in Children: A Narrative Review.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Review
- Taming the SARS-CoV-2-mediated proinflammatory response with BromAcFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Rapid and reliable inactivation protocols for the diagnostics of emerging viruses: The example of SARS-CoV-2 and monkeypox virus.Journal of medical virology · 2023Article
- Oral mucosa immunity: ultimate strategy to stop spreading of pandemic viruses.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Direct Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein by Peracetic Acid.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Article
- Exploring antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of thiol drugs in COVID-19.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2022Article
- Bromelain: A Potent Phytomedicine.Cureus · 2022Review
- Harnessing the Potential of Enzymes as Inhaled Therapeutics in Respiratory Tract Diseases: A Review of the Literature.Biomedicines · 2022Review
- Ex-vivo mucolytic and anti-inflammatory activity of BromAc in tracheal aspirates from COVID-19.Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy = Biomedecine & pharmacotherapie · 2022Article
- Pre-Existing Oxidative Stress Creates a Docking-Ready Conformation of the SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain.ACS bio & med chem Au · 2022Article
- Thiol-based chemical probes exhibit antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 via allosteric disulfide disruption in the spike glycoprotein.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Home pharmacological therapy in early COVID-19 to prevent hospitalization and reduce mortality: Time for a suitable proposal.Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection is the cause of a worldwide pandemic, currently with limited therapeutic options. The spike glycoprotein and envelope protein of SARS-CoV-2, containing disulfide bridges for stabilization, represent an attractive target as they are essential for binding to the ACE2 receptor in host cells present in the nasal mucosa. Bromelain and Acetylcysteine (BromAc) has synergistic action against glycoproteins by breakage of glycosidic linkages and disulfide bonds. We sought to determine the effect of BromAc on the spike and envelope proteins and its potential to reduce infectivity in host cells. Recombinant spike and envelope SARS-CoV-2 proteins were disrupted by BromAc. Spike and envelope protein disulfide bonds were reduced by Acetylcysteine. In in vitro whole virus culture of both wild-type and spike mutants, SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated a concentration-dependent inactivation from BromAc treatment but not from single agents. Clinical testing through nasal administration in patients with early SARS-CoV-2 infection is imminent.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.