Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33800368›Full record

ReviewNanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)2021

Advanced Nanotechnology for Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy.

Chiara Cremolini, Emanuela Vitale, Raffaella Rastaldo, Claudia Giachino

Open access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
32citing papers in PubMed
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 5% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

32 citing papers in PubMed, 57 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  4. Cancer metabolism: bridging tumorigenesis mechanisms to treatment susceptibility.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2026
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  14. Development of a highly sensitive platform for protein-protein interaction detection and regulation of T cell function.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024
    Article
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  16. Targeting the organelle for radiosensitization in cancer radiotherapy.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2024
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Chiara CremoliniDepartment of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
Emanuela VitaleDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
Raffaella RastaldoDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-8673-9409
Claudia GiachinoDepartment of Clinical and Biological Sciences, University of Torino, 10043 Orbassano, Italy.
University of Turin · ITUniversity of Pisa · IT

Funding

Compagnia di San Paolo GIAC_S1618_EX-POST_19_01Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca GIAC_RILO_20_03Ministero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca RASR_RILO_20_01
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Immune checkpoint receptor signaling pathways constitute a prominent class of "immune synapse," a cell-to-cell connection that represses T-lymphocyte effector functions. As a possible evolutionary countermeasure against autoimmunity, this strategy is aimed at lowering potential injury to uninfected cells in infected tissues and at minimizing systemic inflammation. Nevertheless, tumors can make use of these strategies to escape immune recognition, and consequently, such mechanisms represent chances for immunotherapy intervention. Recent years have witnessed the advance of pharmaceutical nanotechnology, or nanomedicine, as a possible strategy to ameliorate immunotherapy technical weaknesses thanks to its intrinsic biophysical properties and multifunctional modifying capability. To improve the long-lasting response rate of checkpoint blockade therapy, nanotechnology has been employed at first for the delivery of single checkpoint inhibitors. Further, while therapy via single immune checkpoint blockade determines resistance and a restricted period of response, strong interest has been raised to efficiently deliver immunomodulators targeting different inhibitory pathways or both inhibitory and costimulatory pathways. In this review, the partially explored promise in implementation of nanotechnology to improve the success of immune checkpoint therapy and solve the limitations of single immune checkpoint inhibitors is debated. We first present the fundamental elements of the immune checkpoint pathways and then outline recent promising results of immune checkpoint blockade therapy in combination with nanotechnology delivery systems.

Indexed as

active targetingcancer therapyimmune checkpoint receptorimmunotherapynanoconjugatesnanomedicinenanoparticles

Identifiers

PMID33800368
PMCPMC7998763
OpenAlexW3133501626

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.