ArticleVision research2021
The development of and recovery from form-deprivation myopia in infant rhesus monkeys reared under reduced ambient lighting.
Article in Vision research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Ocular Component Growth From the Cornea to the Sclera in Non-Human Primate Emmetropization.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Review
- Spontaneous refractive error, ocular biometry and age related lens changes in a population of geriatric rhesus macaques.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- IMI: The Role of Light in Refractive Development and Myopia: Evidence from Animal and Human Studies.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Review
- Scleral ultrastructure in young rhesus monkeys: A stereological approach.Vision research · 2025Article
- Ocular biological characteristics and refractive errors in children with unilateral congenital ptosis.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Eye Movement Variations in Indoor, Outdoor, and Reading Scenarios and Their Implications for Myopia.Journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
- Inner Retinal Microvasculature With Refraction in Juvenile Rhesus Monkeys.Translational vision science & technology · 2024Article
- Optic Nerve Head Morphology and Macula Ganglion Cell Inner Plexiform Layer Thickness in Axially Anisometropic Rhesus Monkeys.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2024Article
- Metabolomics studies in common multifactorial eye disorders: a review of biomarker discovery for age-related macular degeneration, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy and myopia.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2024Review
- Dynamic BMP gene expression regulation in chick RPE during recovery from short term optical defocus and form-deprivation.PloS one · 2024Article
- Clinically Significant Axial Shortening in Myopic Children After Repeated Low-Level Red Light Therapy: A Retrospective Multicenter Analysis.Ophthalmology and therapy · 2023Article
- Prevalence and Characteristics of Myopia in Adult Non-Human Primates in Southwest China.Translational vision science & technology · 2023Article
- Transient Eye Shortening During Reading Text With Inverted Contrast: Effects of Refractive Error and Letter Size.Translational vision science & technology · 2022Article
- Comparing low-coherence interferometry and A-scan ultrasonography in measuring ocular axial dimensions in young rhesus monkeys.Experimental eye research · 2022Article
- Visual information and the development/control of myopia: Insights from nonhuman primate experiences.Taiwan journal of ophthalmologyReview
- Animal modeling for myopia.Advances in ophthalmology practice and researchReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Although reduced ambient lighting ("dim" light) can cause myopia in emmetropizing chicks, it does not necessarily lead to myopic changes in emmetropizing rhesus monkeys. Because myopia is rarely spontaneous, a question remained whether dim light would hasten the progression of visually induced myopia. To determine the effects of dim light on the development of and recovery from form-deprivation myopia (FDM), seven 3-week-old infant rhesus monkeys were reared under dim light (mean ± SD = 55 ± 9 lx) with monocular diffuser spectacles until ~154 days of age, then maintained in dim light with unrestricted vision until ~337 days of age to allow for recovery. Refractive errors, corneal powers, ocular axial dimensions and sub-foveal choroidal thicknesses were measured longitudinally and compared to those obtained from form-deprived monkeys reared under typical laboratory lighting (504 ± 168 lx). Five of the seven subjects developed FDMs that were similar to those observed among their normal-light-reared counterparts. The average degree of form-deprivation-induced myopic anisometropia did not differ significantly between dim-light subjects (-3.88 ± 3.26D) and normal-light subjects (-4.45 ± 3.75D). However, three of the five dim-light subjects that developed obvious FDM failed to exhibit any signs of recovery and the two monkeys that were isometropic at the end of the treatment period manifest abnormal refractive errors during the recovery period. All refractive changes were associated with alterations in vitreous chamber elongation rates. It appears that dim light is not a strong myopiagenic stimulus by itself, but it can impair the optical regulation of refractive development in primates.
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Registered trials
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