ArticleAddictive behaviors2021
Youth use of e-cigarettes: Does dependence vary by device type?
Article in Addictive behaviors, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT06506162 (The Effect of Flavor and Nicotine Strength on the Abuse Liability and Appeal of Oral Nicotine Products), which is not on this map. Cited by 40 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
The Effect of Flavor and Nicotine Strength on the Abuse Liability and Appeal of Oral Nicotine Products
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Addictions and risk behaviors in adolescence: a systematic review and qualitative analysis.Frontiers in psychology · 2025Pooled it
- Impact of E-Liquids on Phagocytosis, Escape and Invasion ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- What is the Addictive Potential from Vaping?Nordisk alkohol- & narkotikatidskrift : NAT · 2026Article
- Nicotine dependence associated with e-cigarette use, depressive symptoms, and psychological resilience among northern Thai adolescents: a cross-sectional study.BMC psychology · 2026Article
- Coolants, organic acids, flavourings and other additives that facilitate inhalation of tobacco and nicotine products: implications for regulation.Tobacco control · 2026Review
- Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a Moroccan Arabic version of the Hooked on Nicotine Checklist.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- The economic factors that determine smoking abstinence: a survival and mediation analysis.The International journal on drug policy · 2025Article
- Article
- An observational human laboratory assessment of nicotine delivery, vaping topography and subjective effects of usual brand electronic cigarette use among young adults.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Observational
- Disposable e-cigarettes: Prevalence of use in Germany from 2016 to 2023 and associated user characteristics.Addiction (Abingdon, England) · 2025Article
- Evolution of the substance use landscape: Implications for contingency management.Journal of applied behavior analysis · 2025Review
- Nicotine and cannabis routes of administration and dual use among U.S. young adults who identify as Hispanic, non-Hispanic Black, and non-Hispanic White.Preventive medicine reports · 2024Article
- Exclusive and dual use of electronic cigarettes among European youth in 32 countries with different regulatory landscapes.Tobacco control · 2024Article
- Relationship Between Product Features and the Prices of e-Cigarette Devices Sold in Web-Based Vape Shops: Comparison Study Using a Linear Regression Model.JMIR formative research · 2024Article
- Reply to Foxon F. & Shiffman S. Regarding Comments on "Adjei et al. 2024 Symptoms of nicotine dependence by E-cigarette and cigarette use behavior and brand: A population-based, nationally representative cross-sectional study" [Drug Alcohol Depend. 255 (2024) 111059].Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
- Article
- Disposable E-Cigarette Use and Subsequent Use Patterns in Adolescents and Young Adults.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- The association between excise taxes and smoking and vaping transitions-Findings from the 2016-2020 ITC United States surveys.The International journal on drug policy · 2024Article
- Article
- Symptoms of nicotine dependence by e-cigarette and cigarette use behavior and brand: A population-based, nationally representative cross-sectional study.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionYouth nicotine dependence may vary by e-cigarette device used.
methodsE-cigarette device type ("JUUL," "similar pod/JUUL like device (i.e., pod mod)," or "other type of e-cigarette" (i.e., tank, mod)), nicotine dependence (Hooked on Nicotine Checklist; HONC), frequency of e-cigarette use (i.e., weekly, daily, monthly), and covariates were examined via a convenience sample of youth who use e-cigarettes in the United States via an online Qualtrics panel survey from April 2019 to May 2019.
resultsYouth aged 13-17 (Mean age = 15.9 years, SD = 1.0 year; n = 185) were mostly 72.4% female. Primary device used by category was endorsed as follows: JUUL n = 87, pod mod n = 42, and other type of e-cigarette n = 56. Participants endorsed an average of 4.5 / 10 HONC symptoms (SD = 3.6). Compared to other e-cigarettes, youth who used JUUL and pod mod devices endorsed more dependence symptoms, even when adjusting for current smoking status (JUUL IRR = 1.96, 95% CI 1.30-2.97; pod mod device IRR = 1.76, 95% CI 1.08-2.87). In total, HONC symptoms significantly differed by device for 8/10 symptoms, with JUUL and pod mod users reporting higher frequency of items compared to other e-cigarette devices.
conclusionsFeatures of nicotine dependence experienced by youth (i.e., feeling a stronger urge to vape) differed by primary device used, with those using JUUL and pod-mods reporting a greater level of dependence. Regulation of features of e-cigarette devices that may increase nicotine delivery and subsequent development of dependence among youth warrant urgent consideration.
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