ArticleJournal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society2021
Topical tacrolimus nanocapsules eye drops for therapeutic effect enhancement in both anterior and posterior ocular inflammation models.
Article in Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 48 citations in OpenAlex.
- Dose-Sparing Topical Administration: FK506-Loaded Nano-Micelles Achieve Efficient Therapy in a Murine Model of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Innovative HPMC/PVP K90 Dissolving Microneedles Incorporating Tacrolimus-Loaded Cubosomes: A Novel Strategy for Managing Allergic Conjunctivitis.Pharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Tacrolimus Inhibits Human Tenon's Fibroblast Migration, Proliferation, and Transdifferentiation.Biomedicines · 2025Article
- Clinical applications of tacrolimus in the treatment of ocular diseases: a narrative literature review.International ophthalmology · 2025Review
- Tacrolimus modulates the PI3K AKT mTOR pathway in retinal epithelial cells under inflammatory stress.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Baicalin nano-micelles for dry eye disease: LC-MS/MS method validation, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in preclinical models.Saudi pharmaceutical journal : SPJ : the official publication of the Saudi Pharmaceutical Society · 2025Article
- Development of FK506-loaded maleimide-functionalized cationic niosomes for prolonged retention and therapeutic efficacy in dry eye disease.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Gene Expression and the Regulatory Role of microRNAs Related to the Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Signaling Pathway in Human Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells Treated With Lipopolysaccharide A and Tacrolimus.Mediators of inflammation · 2025Article
- Tacrolimus: Physicochemical stability challenges, analytical methods, and new formulations.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2024Review
- Minocycline-loaded nHAP/PLGA microspheres for prevention of injury-related corneal angiogenesis.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Article
- Next-generation nanomaterials: advancing ocular anti-inflammatory drug therapy.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- A New Era in Ocular Therapeutics: Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Uveitis and Neuro-Ophthalmologic Conditions.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Recent Advances of Ocular Drug Delivery Systems: Prominence of Ocular Implants for Chronic Eye Diseases.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Behçet's Disease Uveitis.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Overcoming Treatment Challenges in Posterior Segment Diseases with Biodegradable Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Breaking Barriers in Eye Treatment: Polymeric Nano-Based Drug-Delivery System for Anterior Segment Diseases and Glaucoma.Polymers · 2023Review
- Engineering Advanced Drug Delivery Systems for Dry Eye: A Review.Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Immune modulating nanoparticles for the treatment of ocular diseases.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2022Review
- Drug Delivery Challenges and Current Progress in Nanocarrier-Based Ocular Therapeutic System.Gels (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Clinical Efficacy of Topical Tacrolimus on Conjunctival Hyperemia Caused by Prostaglandin Analogues.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Tacrolimus has shown efficacy in eye inflammatory diseases. However, due to the drug lability, its formulation into a stable ophthalmic product remains a challenge. Tacrolimus-loaded nanocapsules (NCs) were designed for ocular instillation. Further, the stability and effects of the formulation were analyzed under different experimental conditions. Physicochemical characterization of the NCs revealed suitable homogeneous size and high encapsulation efficiency. Moreover, the lyophilized formulation was stable at ICH long term and accelerated storage conditions, for at least 18 and 3 months, respectively. The tacrolimus NCs did not elicit any eye irritation in rabbits after single- and multiple-dose applications. Additionally, ex vivo penetration assays on isolated porcine cornea and pharmacokinetics analyses in various rabbit eye compartments demonstrated the superiority of the NCs in retention and permeation into the anterior chamber of the eye compared to the free drug dissolved in oil. Moreover, multiple dose ocular instillation of the NCs in rats allowed high tacrolimus levels in the eye with very low plasma concentrations. Finally, the developed delivery system achieved a significant decrease in four typical inflammatory markers in a murine model of keratitis, an anterior chamber inflammation. Furthermore, these NCs, applied as eye drops, displayed clinical and histological efficacy in the mainly posterior chamber inflammation model of murine, experimental auto-immune uveitis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.