Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33798065›Full record

ArticleIEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering2021

Flexible High-Resolution Force and Dimpling Measurement System for Pia and Dura Penetration During In Vivo Microelectrode Insertion Into Rat Brain.

Lei Chen, Jeremiah Hartner, Tianshu Dong, Annie Li, Brendon Watson, Albert Shih

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
14citing papers in PubMed
0.8field-weighted citation impact, top 34% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

14 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Fabrication of High-Density Multimodal Neural Probes Based on Heterogeneously Integrated CMOS.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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  3. Ultrasensitive measurement of brain penetration mechanics and blood vessel rupture with microscale probes.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Lei Chen
Jeremiah Hartner
Tianshu Dong
Annie Li
Brendon Watson
Albert Shih
University of Massachusetts Lowell · US

Funding

A universal and 3D-printed rat calvarium replacement system to enable for pan-cortical and sub-cortical recordings and optogeneticsR21MH120465 · NIMH · UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN AT ANN ARBOR · PI WATSON, BRENDON O · 2020 to 2020
$429k
NIMH NIH HHS R21 MH120465
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveUnderstanding the in vivo force and tissue dimpling during micro-electrode implantation into the brain are important for neuro-electrophysiology to minimize damage while enabling accurate placement and stable chronic extracellular electrophysiological recordings. Prior studies were unable to measure the sub-mN forces exerted during in vivo insertion of small electrodes. Here, we have investigated the in vivo force and dimpling depth profiles during brain surface membrane rupture (including dura) in anesthetized rats.

methodsA μN-resolution cantilever beam-based measurement system was designed, built, and calibrated and adapted for in vivo use. A total of 244 in vivo insertion tests were conducted on 8 anesthetized rats with 121 through pia mater and 123 through dura and pia combined.

resultsBoth microwire tip sharpening and diameter reduction reduced membrane rupture force (insertion force) and eased brain surface penetration. But dimpling depth and rupture force are not always strongly correlated. Multi-shank silicon probes showed smaller dimpling and rupture force per shank than single shank devices.

conclusionA force measurement system with flexible range and μN-level resolution (up to 0.032 μN) was achieved and proved feasible. For both pia-only and dura-pia penetrations in anesthetized rats, the rupture force and membrane dimpling depth at rupture are linearly related to the microwire diameter. SIGNIFICANCE: We have developed a new system with both μN-level resolution and capacity to be used in vivo for measurement of force profiles of various neural interfaces into the brain. This allows quantification of brain tissue cutting and provides design guidelines for optimal neural interfaces.

Indexed as

Dura MaterMechanical PhenomenaAnimalsBrainElectrodes, ImplantedMicroelectrodesRatsSiliconSilicon

Identifiers

PMID33798065
PMCPMC8323825
OpenAlexW3142660539

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.