ReviewCalcified tissue international2021
Metformin: Is It the Well Wisher of Bone Beyond Glycemic Control in Diabetes Mellitus?
Review in Calcified tissue international, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association of metformin use with fracture risk in type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022 · on this mapPooled it
- Comparative effects of metformin and lifestyle therapy on bone metabolism markers: A 6-month pilot, open-label randomized-clinical trial.Aging clinical and experimental research · 2026Trial
- Predictors of Fracture in Middle-Aged and Older Adults With Type 2 Diabetes and Overweight or Obesity.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Trial
- The role of bone in whole-body energy metabolism.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2025Review
- Metformin reverses periodontal destruction caused by experimental periodontitis by inhibiting interleukin-1β activity.Journal of periodontology · 2025Article
- From Diabetes to Degenerative Diseases: The Multifaceted Action of Metformin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Metformin and bone metabolism: unraveling their direct and indirect effects.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Review
- The Critical Role of Autophagy in the Pathogenesis of Diabetic Osteoporosis: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Measures.Drug design, development and therapy · 2025Review
- Bone Loss in Diabetes Mellitus: Diaporosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- The effect of starting metformin on bone mineral density among women with type 2 diabetes in the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2024Article
- The Differential Effect of Metformin on Osteocytes, Osteoblasts, and Osteoclasts.Current osteoporosis reports · 2023Review
- Small-molecule amines: a big role in the regulation of bone homeostasis.Bone research · 2023Review
- Metformin enhances the osteogenic activity of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells by inhibiting oxidative stress induced by diabetes mellitus: anJournal of periodontal & implant science · 2023Article
- Targeting Sirt1, AMPK, Nrf2, CK2, and Soluble Guanylate Cyclase with Nutraceuticals: A Practical Strategy for Preserving Bone Mass.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- A narrative review of diabetic bone disease: Characteristics, pathogenesis, and treatment.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Age-Influenced Receptors of Advanced Glycation End Product Overexpression Associated With Osteogenic Differentiation Impairment in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Both diabetes mellitus and osteoporosis constitute a notable burden in terms of quality of life and healthcare costs. Diabetes mellitus affecting the skeletal system has been gaining attention in recent years and is now getting recognized as yet another complication of the disease, known as diabetic bone disease. As this condition with weaker bone strength increases fracture risk and reduces the quality of life, so much attention is being paid to investigate the molecular pathways through which both diabetes and its therapy are affecting bone metabolism. Out of many therapeutic agents currently available for managing diabetes mellitus, metformin is one of the most widely accepted first choices worldwide. The purpose of this review is to describe the effects of biguanide-metformin on bone metabolism in type 2 diabetes mellitus including its plausible mechanisms of action on the skeleton. In vitro studies suggest that metformin directly stimulates osteoblasts differentiation and may inhibit osteoclastogenesis by increasing osteoprotegerin expression, both through activation of the AMPK signaling pathway. Several studies in both preclinical and clinical settings report the favorable effects of metformin on bone microarchitecture, bone mineral density, bone turnover markers, and fracture risk. However, animal studies were not specific in terms of the diabetic models used and clinical studies were associated with several confounders. The review highlights some of these limitations and provide future recommendations for research in this area which is necessary to better understand the role of metformin on skeletal outcomes in diabetes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.