ArticlePsychopharmacology2021
Threshold dose for intravenous nicotine self-administration in young adult non-dependent smokers.
Article in Psychopharmacology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 9 citations in OpenAlex.
- Recent cannabis exposure and acute nicotine effects: insights from randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled intravenous nicotine studies.The international journal of neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Switching from menthol to non-menthol cigarettes does not impact acute responses to intravenous nicotine.Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior · 2025Trial
- Pulsed nicotine infusions as a model for smoking: validating a tool to explore nicotine thresholds in humans.Psychopharmacology · 2024Article
- Sex/Gender Differences in the Time-Course for the Development of Substance Use Disorder: A Focus on the Telescoping Effect.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Threshold for the pleasurable effects of nicotine are lower than its reinforcing effects during self-administration.Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2023Article
- Article
- Plasma Menthol Glucuronide as a Biomarker for the Behavioral Effects of Menthol and Nicotine in Humans.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
rationaleReducing nicotine content of inhaled tobacco products may prevent nicotine addiction, but the threshold for nicotine reinforcement has not been systematically evaluated in controlled human laboratory studies.
objectivesThe current study uses a novel double-blind placebo-controlled intravenous (IV) nicotine self-administration (NSA) model to determine threshold for subjective effects of nicotine and nicotine reinforcement using a forced choice self-administration procedure.
methodsYoung adults (n = 34) had 5 laboratory sessions after overnight nicotine abstinence. In each session, participants sampled and rated the subjective effects of an IV dose of nicotine (0.0125, 0.025, 0.05, 0.1, or 0.2 mg nicotine/70 kg bodyweight) versus saline (placebo), then were given a total of 10 opportunities to self-administer either the IV dose of nicotine or placebo.
resultsMixed effect models revealed a significant effect of nicotine dose for positive (i.e., "stimulatory" and "pleasurable"; p < .0001) effects, but not "aversive" effects during sampling period. Post hoc comparisons showed that higher doses (i.e., 0.1 and 0.2 mg) were associated with greater stimulatory, pleasurable, and physiological effects than placebo and lower doses. Mixed effect models revealed that only the highest dose (i.e., 0.2 mg) was consistently preferred over placebo. Sex differences were generally weak (p = .03-.05).
conclusionsUsing our IV nicotine NSA model, the threshold for detecting positive effects of nicotine in young adult smokers is about 0.1 mg, but a higher dose of nicotine, 0.2 mg, is required to produce a consistent nicotine reinforcement. Regarding the regulatory impact, our findings further support the value of nicotine reinforcement threshold as a tobacco regulatory target.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.