ArticleOpen forum infectious diseases2021
Acute Symptoms of Mild to Moderate COVID-19 Are Highly Heterogeneous Across Individuals and Over Time.
Article in Open forum infectious diseases, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review and meta-analysis, investigating dose and time of fluvoxamine treatment efficacy for COVID-19 clinical deterioration, death, and Long-COVID complications.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Taste loss as a distinct symptom of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Chemical senses · 2023Pooled it
- Characterizing health-related quality of life and identifying disease predictors among patients suspected of having long COVID: an analysis of COMET-ICE clinical trial data.Frontiers in public health · 2024Trial
- Efficacy and Safety of Ensitrelvir in Patients With Mild-to-Moderate Coronavirus Disease 2019: The Phase 2b Part of a Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Phase 2/3 Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2023Trial
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial of a Throat Spray with Selected Lactobacilli in COVID-19 Outpatients.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Trial
- Trajectories of symptoms in the acute phase of COVID-19 infection and their association with anxiety and depression 2 years after infection.BMC psychiatry · 2025Article
- Article
- Prescription rates in different groups of outpatients with covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections: comparative observational study based on German routine data.BMJ medicine · 2025Article
- Patient-Reported Outcomes in COVID-19 Treatment with Monoclonal Antibodies Reveal Benefits in Return to Usual Activities.Infectious diseases and therapy · 2024Article
- SPIKENET: An Evidence-Based Therapy for Long COVID.Viruses · 2024Review
- Characteristics of long COVID in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Rheumatology advances in practice · 2024Review
- The influence of meaningful work on the mental health of SME employees in the COVID-19 era: can coping strategies mediate the relationship?BMC public health · 2023Article
- Beyond "Psychotropic": Repurposing Psychiatric Drugs for COVID-19, Alzheimer's Disease, and Cancer.The Journal of clinical psychiatry · 2023Review
- Converging Evidence of Similar Symptomatology of ME/CFS and PASC Indicating Multisystemic Dyshomeostasis.Biomedicines · 2023Review
- Adiponectin, Leptin, and Resistin Are Dysregulated in Patients Infected by SARS-CoV-2.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Association between use of psychotropic medications prior to SARS-COV-2 infection and trajectories of COVID-19 recovery: Findings from the prospective Predi-COVID cohort study.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- Predictors for reactogenicity and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 following infection and mRNA vaccination: A regularized, mixed-effects modelling approach.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Article
- Antibodies targeting conserved non-canonical antigens and endemic coronaviruses associate with favorable outcomes in severe COVID-19.Cell reports · 2022Article
- What Is Currently Known about the Role of CXCL10 in SARS-CoV-2 Infection?International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe symptoms of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) appear to be heterogenous, and the typical course of these symptoms is unknown. Our objectives were to characterize the common trajectories of COVID-19 symptoms and to assess how symptom course predicts other symptom changes as well as clinical deterioration.
methodsOne hundred sixty-two participants with acute COVID-19 responded to surveys up to 31 times for up to 17 days. Several statistical methods were used to characterize the temporal dynamics of these symptoms. Because 9 participants showed clinical deterioration, we explored whether these participants showed any differences in symptom profiles.
resultsTrajectories varied greatly between individuals, with many having persistently severe symptoms or developing new symptoms several days after being diagnosed. A typical trajectory was for a symptom to improve at a decremental rate, with most symptoms still persisting to some degree at the end of the reporting period. The pattern of symptoms over time suggested a fluctuating course for many patients. Participants who showed clinical deterioration were more likely to present with higher reports of severity of cough and diarrhea.
conclusionsThe course of symptoms during the initial weeks of COVID-19 is highly heterogeneous and is neither predictable nor easily characterized using typical survey methods. This has implications for clinical care and early-treatment clinical trials. Additional research is needed to determine whether the decelerating improvement pattern seen in our data is related to the phenomenon of patients reporting long-term symptoms and whether higher symptoms of diarrhea in early illness presages deterioration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.