ArticleTherapeutic advances in medical oncology2021
Associations between dysbiosis-inducing drugs, overall survival and tumor response in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Therapeutic advances in medical oncology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The use of antibiotic, probiotic, and fecal microbiota transplantation in modulating immunotherapy efficacy and survival: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical outcomes.The oncologist · 2026Pooled it
- The impact of antibiotic use in gastrointestinal tumors treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Pooled it
- Acid suppressants reduce the therapeutic effect of immune checkpoint inhibitors and increase the risk of acute kidney injury: a meta-analysis.International journal of clinical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- The negative impact of opioids on cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2023Pooled it
- Do proton pump inhibitors alter the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients? A meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating the impact of antibiotic use on the clinical outcomes of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in oncology · 2023Pooled it
- The impact of antibiotic use on clinical features and survival outcomes of cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Effect of Concomitant Use of Analgesics on Prognosis in Patients Treated With Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Molecular mechanisms, current therapeutics, and emerging strategies in esophageal cancer: A comprehensive review.Chinese medical journal · 2026Review
- Crosstalk Between Opioids and the Anti-Tumour Immune Checkpoint Axis.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
- Metformin enhances survival with immune checkpoint inhibitors in cancer patients: A meta-analysis.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Life Factors and Melanoma: From the Macroscopic State to the Molecular Mechanism.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Review
- Early antibiotic exposure does not affect prognosis in patients with advanced gastric cancer treated with PD-1 inhibitors.Discover oncology · 2025Article
- Review
- Effects of antibiotics on the anti-tumor efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025Article
- Association of opioid use with survival in patients with cancer treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: it is time for evidence-based behaviors.The oncologist · 2025Article
- Concomitant medication use and clinical outcome in hepatocellular carcinoma treated with immune-based therapy: a multicenter analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Are they all the same? Different effects of opioid types on survival in metastatic NSCLC receiving nivolumab.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Opioid Use and Gut Dysbiosis in Cancer Pain Patients.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThere are conflicting data on the effects of dysbiosis-inducing drugs, and especially antibiotics (ATBs), on clinical outcomes in patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). There is a particular lack of data for patients with melanoma.
methodsWe performed a single-center retrospective study of the associations between ATBs and other drugs known to modify the gut microbiota (proton pump inhibitors, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, statins, opioids, anti-vitamin K, levothyroxine, vitamin D3, antiarrhythmics, metformin and phloroglucinol), overall survival (OS) and tumor response in consecutive cancer patients (particularly those with melanoma) treated with an ICI (ipilimumab, nivolumab or pembrolizumab) over a 9-year period.
resultsA total of 372 patients were included. The mean ± standard deviation age was 64.0 ± 12.1 years. The most frequently prescribed ICI was nivolumab (in 58.3% of patients) and the most frequent indications were lung cancer (44.6%) and melanoma (29.6%). Overall, 112 patients (30.1%) had received ATBs. ATB use was associated with (1) shorter OS in the study population as a whole [adjusted hazard ratio [95% confidence interval (CI)]: 1.38 (1.00-1.90),
conclusionUnlike other dysbiosis-inducing drugs, ATBs were associated with poorer clinical outcomes in ICI-treated patients overall and in the subset of patients with melanoma.
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