Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33796139›Full record

ArticleResearch in autism spectrum disorders2021

Daily living skills in adolescents with autism spectrum disorder: Implications for intervention and independence.

Elizabeth Baker, Katherine K M Stavropoulos, Bruce L Baker, Jan Blacher

Registry-linked trialOpen access · greenAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Research in autism spectrum disorders, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07572110 (The Development and Evaluation of an Online, Caregiver-Directed Single Session Intervention for Building Independence in Daily Living Skills in Autistic Youth), which is not on this map. Cited by 16 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 6% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07572110 narecruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

The Development and Evaluation of an Online, Caregiver-Directed Single Session Intervention for Building Independence in Daily Living Skills in Autistic Youth

TypeinterventionalSponsorUniversity of MiamiRan2026 to 2027Enrolled70ConditionsAccommodation, Daily Activities, Independence, AutismArmsProject Independence
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 49 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Habenula Alterations in Resting-State Functional Connectivity Among Autistic Individuals.Biological psychiatry. Cognitive neuroscience and neuroimaging · 2026
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  3. Experiencing Independence: Perspectives from Autistic Adults.Journal of autism and developmental disorders · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Elizabeth BakerUniversity of California, Riverside. 900 University Ave, Riverside, California, USA 92521.
Katherine K M StavropoulosUniversity of California, Riverside. 900 University Ave, Riverside, California, USA 92521.
Bruce L BakerUniversity of California, Los Angeles. Los Angeles, California, USA 90095.
Jan BlacherUniversity of California, Riverside. 900 University Ave, Riverside, California, USA 92521.
University of California, Riverside · USUniversity of California, Los Angeles · US

Funding

Children with MR: Family Processes and Dual DiagnosisR01HD034879 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES · PI BAKER, BRUCE L · 1998 to 2013
$6.8M
NICHD NIH HHS R01 HD034879
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChallenges in adaptive behaviors are present in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), while variation in IQ, social skills, and comorbidities are possible influences on adaptive behaviors. However, adaptive behaviors do not consistently map onto cognitive abilities in ASD, as high IQ is not protective against challenges in adaptive behaviors. Additionally, individuals with both ASD and elevated levels of externalizing problem behaviors experience even worse adaptive behaviors. Identifying factors that contribute to the variance in adaptive behaviors, particularly daily living skills (DLS), may inform strategies to improve adaptive behaviors necessary for independence in adulthood.

methodAdolescents with typical cognitive development (TD, n=84), intellectual disability (ID, n=30), or ASD (n=45) were included in this study to examine group differences in adaptive behaviors, identify relations between IQ and DLS, and determine factors that contribute to variance in DLS at youth age 13. The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales, 2nd Edition (VABS-II) was used to measure adaptive behaviors.

resultsAll domains of adaptive behavior were significantly higher in TD groups compared to ASD and ID youth. Significant positive correlations were observed between IQ and DLS in the ASD and ID groups. In the ASD youth group, higher externalizing behavior problems explained the most variance in DLS.

conclusionsDLS are below age-expected levels in young adolescents with ASD, in part because of the higher externalizing behavior problems in this group. Incorporating adaptive skills training and behavior management strategies into current interventions may serve to prepare adolescents and families for the transition to adulthood.

Indexed as

adaptive behaviorautism spectrum disorderdaily living skillsexternalizing behavior problems

Identifiers

PMID33796139
PMCPMC8009320
OpenAlexW3134698961

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.