Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33795388›Full record

ArticleJournal for immunotherapy of cancer2021

Microwave ablation induces Th1-type immune response with activation of ICOS pathway in early-stage breast cancer.

Wenbin Zhou, Muxin Yu, Hong Pan, Wen Qiu, Hui Wang, Mengjia Qian, Nan Che, Kai Zhang, Xinrui Mao, Li Li and 8 more

Open access · goldAbstract readClinical Study
In one paragraph

Article in Journal for immunotherapy of cancer, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
36citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
3.8field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

36 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 53 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Trial
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Ultrasound-guided microwave ablation for breast tumors: current status and future perspectives.Diagnostic and interventional radiology (Ankara, Turkey) · 2026
    Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Review
  9. Article
  10. Preclinical study of TLR stimulation combined PD-1 antibody enhance the therapeutic effect of microwave ablation on NSCLC.Clinical & translational oncology : official publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico · 2025
    Article
  11. Review
  12. Review
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Wenbin Zhou *Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China zhouwenbin@njmu.edu.cn shwang@njmu.edu.cn.ORCID 0000-0003-1220-6797
Muxin Yu *Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Hong Pan *Department of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Wen Qiu *Department of Immunology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
Hui WangDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Mengjia QianDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Nan CheDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Kai ZhangPancreatic Center and Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Xinrui MaoDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Li LiDepartment of General Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Ruoxi WangDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Hui XieDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Lijun LingDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Yi ZhaoDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Xiaoan LiuDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Cong WangDepartment of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Qiang DingDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Shui WangDepartment of Breast Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China zhouwenbin@njmu.edu.cn shwang@njmu.edu.cn.
Nanjing Medical University · CNFudan University · CN

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDespite great advances in the treatment of breast cancer, innovative approaches are still needed to reduce metastasis. As a minimally invasive local therapy (not standard therapy for breast cancer), microwave ablation (MWA) has been attempted to treat breast cancer, but the local effect and immune response induced by MWA have seldom been reported.

methodsThe clinical study was performed to determine the complete ablation rate of MWA for early-stage breast cancer. Secondary endpoints included safety and antitumor immune response. 35 subjects from this clinical study were enrolled in the current report, and the local effect was determined by pathological examinations or follow-up. To investigate MWA-induced immune response, patients treated with surgery (n=13) were enrolled as control, and blood samples were collected before and after MWA or surgery. The immune cell populations, serum cytokines, secretory immune checkpoint molecules, and T-cell receptor sequencing were analyzed.

resultsOf 35 enrolled patients, 32 (91.4%) showed complete ablation. Compared with surgery, MWA induced significantly increased levels of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS)+ activated CD4+ T cells and serum interferon gamma, indicating a shift in the Th1/Th2 balance toward Th1. The activated ICOS pathway was involved in the MWA-induced adaptive immune response. T-cell receptor sequencing revealed MWA of primary tumor activated T lymphocytes expansion and recognized some cancer-specific antigens. Moreover, CD4+ effector memory T-cell response was induced by MWA, and the immune response still existed after surgical resection of the ablated tumor.

conclusionsMWA may not only be a promising local therapy but also a trigger of antitumor immunity for breast cancer, opening new avenues for the treatment of breast cancer. Combinatorial strategy using additional agents which boost MWA-induced immune response could be considered as potential treatment for clinical study for early breast cancer therapy.

Indexed as

Ablation TechniquesAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBreast NeoplasmsCase-Control StudiesFemaleHumansInducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator ProteinLymphocytes, Tumor-InfiltratingMicrowavesMiddle AgedNeoplasm StagingPhenotypeSignal TransductionTh1 CellsICOS protein, humanInducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator Proteinadaptive Immunitybreast neoplasmsCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesT-Lymphocytes

Identifiers

PMID33795388
PMCPMC8021888
OpenAlexW3152361264

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.