ReviewJournal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR2021
The role of the circadian clock in cancer hallmark acquisition and immune-based cancer therapeutics.
Review in Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 33 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
33 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Time-of-Day Immunotherapy Administration and Outcomes in Advanced Cancers: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.JAMA network open · 2026Pooled it
- Multilevel Mechanisms of Cancer Drug Resistance.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of immunotherapy-infusion time of day on survival of patients with advanced cancers: a study-level meta-analysis.ESMO open · 2024Pooled it
- Morphofunctional State of the Liver Under Conditions of Three-Month Dark Deprivation: The Influence of Circadian Disruptions and Melatonin.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Temporal dynamics in cancer immunotherapy: the interplay between circadian rhythms, tumor microenvironment, and immune checkpoint blockade.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2026Review
- Circadian clock and cancer.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- TCM-Driven Circadian Modulation in Cancer: Engineering Spatiotemporal Drug Delivery for Precision Oncology.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Impact of time-of-day on immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in cancer patients: an up-to-date clinical review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Time-of-day radiotherapy alters radiation pneumonitis risk but not survival in lung cancer patients with interstitial lung disease.Therapeutic advances in medical oncology · 2026Article
- Circadian rhythms in the tumor microenvironment: spatiotemporal immune regulation and chronotherapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Optimizing Nivolumab Efficacy: The Role of Dosing Time in Advanced Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2025Article
- Editorial: Circadian rhythms and cancer hallmarks: toward advances in immune-based therapeutics, and outcomes.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Deciphering the circadian rhythm in colorectal cancer: a bibliometric analysis of research landscape and trends.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Circadian rhythms and cancer: implications for timing in therapy.Discover oncology · 2024Review
- Circadian Rhythm Disruption in Cancer Survivors: From Oncogenesis to Quality of Life.Cancer medicine · 2024Review
- Crosstalk between Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation and Tumorigenesis, Tumor Metabolism and Tumor Immune Response.Aging and disease · 2024Review
- Biological Clock Genes are Crucial and Promising Biomarkers for the Therapeutic Targets and Prognostic Assessment in Gastric Cancer.Journal of gastrointestinal cancer · 2024Article
- Brief Report: Clinical Outcomes by Infusion Timing of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients With Locally Advanced NSCLC.JTO clinical and research reports · 2024Article
- A review for the impacts of circadian disturbance on urological cancers.Sleep and biological rhythms · 2024Review
- Impact of immunotherapy time-of-day infusion on survival and immunologic correlates in patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a multicenter cohort analysis.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 5 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The circadian system temporally regulates physiology to maintain homeostasis. Co-opting and disrupting circadian signals appear to be distinct attributes that are functionally important for the development of a tumor and can enable or give rise to the hallmarks that tumors use to facilitate their initiation, growth and progression. Because circadian signals are also strong regulators of immune cell proliferation, trafficking and exhaustion states, they play a role in how tumors respond to immune-based cancer therapeutics. While immuno-oncology has heralded a paradigm shift in cancer therapeutics, greater accuracy is needed to increase our capability of predicting who will respond favorably to, or who is likely to experience the troubling adverse effects of, immunotherapy. Insights into circadian signals may further refine our understanding of biological determinants of response and help answer the fundamental question of whether certain perturbations in circadian signals interfere with the activity of immune checkpoint inhibitors. Here we review the body of literature highlighting circadian disruption as a cancer promoter and synthesize the burgeoning evidence suggesting circadian signals play a role in how tumors respond to immune-based anti-cancer therapeutics. The goal is to develop a framework to advance our understanding of the relationships between circadian markers, cancer biology, and immunotherapeutics. Bolstered by this new understanding, these relationships may then be pursued in future clinical studies to improve our ability to predict which patients will respond favorably to, and avoid the adverse effects of, traditional and immune-based cancer therapeutics.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.