ArticleFluids and barriers of the CNS2021
Direction and magnitude of cerebrospinal fluid flow vary substantially across central nervous system diseases.
Article in Fluids and barriers of the CNS, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immediate impact of yogic breathing on pulsatile cerebrospinal fluid dynamics.Scientific reports · 2022Trial
- In-silico solute transport via perivascular networks in the human intracranial space.Nature communications · 2026Article
- T2-Weighted T1 Mapping and Automated Segmentation of CSF: Assessment of Solute Gradients in the Healthy Brain.Journal of magnetic resonance imaging : JMRI · 2026Article
- Sleep Alters the Velocity of Physiological Brain Pulsations in Humans.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The impact of human brain geometry on the transport of an intrathecal tracer.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Article
- National trends in hydrocephalus mortality in the United States, 1999-2024: a serial cross-sectional (ecological) trend analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- MR Imaging Indices for Brain Interstitial Fluid Dynamics and the Effects of Orexin Antagonists on Sleep.Magnetic resonance in medical sciences : MRMS : an official journal of Japan Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine · 2025Article
- Interrater and intrarater reliability of aqueduct CSF flow parameters measured by phase-contrast MRI in healthy adults.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2025Article
- Effect of ventricular volume on cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2025Article
- U-Net-Based Prediction of Cerebrospinal Fluid Distribution and Ventricular Reflux Grading.NMR in biomedicine · 2025Article
- Evaluating amplified magnetic resonance imaging as an input for computational fluid dynamics models of the cerebrospinal fluid.Interface focus · 2025Article
- Article
- Transmantle pressure under the influence of free breathing: non-invasive quantification of the aqueduct pressure gradient in healthy adults.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2025Article
- Reduced global BOLD-CSF coupling in chronic kidney disease-related cognitive impairment: a resting-state functional MRI study.Frontiers in neurology · 2025Article
- Numerical study of the effects of minor structures and mean velocity fields in the cerebrospinal fluid flow.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Significant individual variation in cardiac-cycle-linked cerebrospinal fluid production following subarachnoid hemorrhage.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- Alteration in cerebrospinal fluid flow based on the neurological prognosis of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients.Scientific reports · 2024Observational
- Modeling CSF circulation and the glymphatic system during infusion using subject specific intracranial pressures and brain geometries.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- CSF dynamics throughout the ventricular system using 4D flow MRI: associations to arterial pulsatility, ventricular volumes, and age.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2024Article
- 3D Quantitative-Amplified Magnetic Resonance Imaging (3D q-aMRI).Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral central nervous system diseases are associated with disturbed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow patterns and have typically been characterized in vivo by phase-contrast magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). This technique is, however, limited by its applicability in space and time. Phase-contrast MRI has yet to be compared directly with CSF tracer enhanced imaging, which can be considered gold standard for assessing long-term CSF flow dynamics within the intracranial compartment.
methodsHere, we studied patients with various CSF disorders and compared MRI biomarkers of CSF space anatomy and phase-contrast MRI at level of the aqueduct and cranio-cervical junction with dynamic intrathecal contrast-enhanced MRI using the contrast agent gadobutrol as CSF tracer. Tracer enrichment of cerebral ventricles was graded 0-4 by visual assessment. An intracranial pressure (ICP) score was used as surrogate marker of intracranial compliance.
resultsThe study included 94 patients and disclosed marked variation of CSF flow measures across disease categories. The grade of supra-aqueductal reflux of tracer varied, with strong reflux (grades 3-4) in half of patients. Ventricular tracer reflux correlated with stroke volume and aqueductal CSF pressure gradient. CSF flow in the cerebral aqueduct was retrograde (from 4th to 3rd ventricle) in one third of patients, with estimated CSF net flow volume about 1.0 L/24 h. In the cranio-cervical junction, net flow was cranially directed in 78% patients, with estimated CSF net flow volume about 4.7 L/24 h.
conclusionsThe present observations provide in vivo quantitative evidence for substantial variation in direction and magnitude of CSF flow, with re-direction of aqueductal flow in communicating hydrocephalus, and significant extra-cranial CSF production. The grading of ventricular reflux of tracer shows promise as a clinical useful method to assess CSF flow pattern disturbances in patients.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.