ArticleBMC neurology2021
Socioeconomic determinants of global distribution of multiple sclerosis: an ecological investigation based on Global Burden of Disease data.
Article in BMC neurology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Association of adverse childhood experiences with adulthood multiple sclerosis: A systematic review of observational studies.Brain and behavior · 2023Pooled it
- Long-term trends in selected neurological disorders in Italy (1990-2023): analysis of the global burden of disease (GBD) 2023 data.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026Article
- Global Dynamics in Cosmetic Tourism.Aesthetic plastic surgery · 2026Article
- Patient profiles and disease characteristics of the IMSRN cohort: a multicentre study (2021-2025).The Lancet regional health. Southeast Asia · 2026Article
- Immune-gut-metabolite Interactions in Multiple Sclerosis: A Mendelian Randomization and Mediation Study.Current neurovascular research · 2026Article
- Global and Regional Trends in Multiple Sclerosis Incidence with Projections to 2030: A Joinpoint Regression Analysis of the GBD Data 2021 by Socio-Demographic Index and WHO Regions.Annals of global health · 2026Article
- Bayesian hierarchical modeling of Mpox in the African region (2022-2024): Addressing zero-inflation and spatial autocorrelation.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2025Article
- Quantifying Health-Related Risk Factors Associated with Breast and Prostate Cancer Burden: The Role of Trends and Disparities in Obesity and Cholesterol.Iranian journal of public health · 2025Article
- Disparities and inequalities of lower respiratory infections in Iran, 1990-2021: the role of socioeconomic and demographic factors.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Burden of Parkinson's disease in Iran: disparities, trends, and the impact of social development indicators.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2025Article
- Myelin-reactive CD8Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Living With Multiple Sclerosis: The Rainbow of Inspiring Experiences and Resilience in the Face of the Disease.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2024Article
- The overall and smoking-attributable burden of multiple sclerosis among older adults aged 65-89 years from 1990 to 2019 and predictions to 2040.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Gender differences in the burden of multiple sclerosis in China from 1990 to 2019 and its 25-year projection: An analysis of the Global Burden of Diseases Study.Health science reports · 2023Article
- Segmental and global longitudinal strain measurement by 2-dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography in severe rheumatic mitral stenosis.BMC cardiovascular disorders · 2023Article
- A burden shared: the financial, psychological, and health-related consequences borne by family members and caregivers of people with cancer in India.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2023Article
- A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Brief Cognitive Assessment for Multiple Sclerosis (BICAMS) International Validations.Journal of clinical medicine · 2023Review
- Global, regional, and national burden of multiple sclerosis from 1990 to 2019: Findings of global burden of disease study 2019.Frontiers in public health · 2023Article
- The trend analysis of neurological disorders as major causes of death and disability according to human development, 1990-2019.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- A Quantitative Synthesis of Eight Decades of Global Multiple Sclerosis Research Using Bibliometrics.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSocioeconomic factors may be involved in risk of multiple sclerosis (MS), either indirectly or as confounding factors. In this study two comprehensive indicators reflecting socioeconomic differences, including the Human Development Index (HDI) and Prosperity Index (PI), were used to assess the impact of these factors on the worldwide distribution of MS.
methodsThe data for this global ecological study were obtained from three comprehensive databases including the Global Burden of Disease (as the source of MS indices), United Nations Development Programme (source for HDI) and the Legatum Institute Database for PI. MS indices (including prevalence, incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life years) were all analyzed in the form of age- and sex-standardized. Correlation and regression analyses were used to investigate the relationship between HDI and PI and their subsets with MS indices.
resultsAll MS indices were correlated with HDI and PI. It was also found that developed countries had significantly higher prevalence and incidence rates of MS than developing countries. Education and governance from the PI, and gross national income and expected years of schooling from the HDI were more associated with MS. Education was significantly related to MS indices (p < 0.01) in both developed and developing countries.
conclusionIn general, the difference in income and the socioeconomic development globally have created a landscape for MS that should be studied in more detail in future studies.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.