ArticleContemporary clinical trials2021
A SMARTTT approach to Treating Tobacco use disorder in persons with HIV (SMARTTT): Rationale and design for a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study.
Article in Contemporary clinical trials, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04490057 (A Smart Approach to Treating Tobacco Use Disorder in Persons Living With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 22 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Smart Approach to Treating Tobacco Use Disorder in Persons Living With HIV
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 27 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incentives for smoking cessation.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2025Pooled it
- Interventions for tobacco use cessation in people living with HIV.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Clinical Pharmacists, Medications, and Contingency Management for Targeting Smoking in HIV Clinics: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2026Trial
- Prize-Based Incentives for Smoking Cessation Among People With HIV: A Sequential Multiple Assignment Randomized Trial.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025Trial
- Perspectives on Clinical Pharmacist-Delivered Contingency Management to Promote Smoking Abstinence Among Individuals with HIV: A Qualitative Study.AIDS and behavior · 2025Trial
- A pilot adaptive trial of text messages, mailed nicotine replacement therapy, and telephone coaching among primary care patients who smoke.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2023Trial
- Contingency Management and Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Adherence Support Services (CoMPASS): A hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation study to promote HIV risk reduction among people who inject drugs.Contemporary clinical trials · 2023Trial
- Discordance Between Insurance Coverage of Antiviral Medications and Nicotine Replacement Therapy Among Individuals With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Who Smoke.Journal of addiction medicineTrial
- Commonality and co-occurrence of discrete strategies within implementation strategy bundles: findings from the Living Database of HIV Implementation Science systematic review, 2014-2021.Implementation science communications · 2026Review
- Prevalence of tobacco use in a cross-sectional survey of people initiating HIV care in a Chennai clinic.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- A review of use of external data and update on reporting standards in Sequential Multiple-Assignment Randomised Trials.Clinical trials (London, England) · 2026Review
- Food insecurity and COVID-19-related experiences among people with HIV: A mixed methods analysis and conceptual framework.PloS one · 2026Article
- Hepatology clinician readiness to provide addiction treatment in hepatology clinics: A mixed-methods formative evaluation.Hepatology communications · 2025Article
- Combined use of the integrated-Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services (i-PARIHS) framework with other implementation frameworks: a systematic review.Implementation science communications · 2025Review
- Prevalence and Correlates of Physical Inactivity Among Individuals with HIV During the First COVID-19 Wave: A Cross-sectional Survey.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Digital Adaptive Behavioral Interventions to Improve HIV Prevention and Care: Innovations in Intervention Approach and Experimental Design.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2023Review
- Promoting alcohol treatment engagement post-hospitalization with brief intervention, medications and CBT4CBT: protocol for a randomized clinical trial in a diverse patient population.Addiction science & clinical practice · 2023Article
- Optimizing adaptive stepped-care interventions to change adults' health behaviors: A systematic review.Journal of clinical and translational science · 2023Review
- A Smoking Cessation Mobile App for Persons Living With HIV: Preliminary Efficacy and Feasibility Study.JMIR formative research · 2022Article
- Patients' perspectives of medications for addiction treatment in HIV clinics: A qualitative study.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundTobacco use disorder is a leading threat to the health of persons with HIV (PWH) on antiretroviral treatment and identifying optimal treatment approaches to promote abstinence is critical. We describe the rationale, aims, and design for a new study, "A SMART Approach to Treating Tobacco Use Disorder in Persons with HIV (SMARTTT)," a sequential multiple assignment randomized trial.
methodsIn HIV clinics within three health systems in the northeastern United States, PWH with tobacco use disorder are randomized to nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) with or without contingency management (NRT vs. NRT + CM). Participants with response (defined as exhaled carbon monoxide (eCO)-confirmed smoking abstinence at week 12), continue the same treatment for another 12 weeks. Participants with non-response, are re-randomized to either switch medications from NRT to varenicline or intensify treatment to a higher CM reward schedule. Interventions are delivered by clinical pharmacists embedded in HIV clinics. The primary outcome is eCO-confirmed smoking abstinence; secondary outcomes include CD4 cell count, HIV viral load suppression, and the Veterans Aging Cohort Study (VACS) Index 2.0 score (a validated measure of morbidity and mortality based on laboratory data). Consistent with a hybrid type 1 effectiveness-implementation design and grounded in implementation science frameworks, we will conduct an implementation-focused process evaluation in parallel. Study protocol adaptations related to the COVID-19 pandemic have been made.
conclusionsSMARTTT is expected to generate novel findings regarding the impact, cost, and implementation of an adaptive clinical pharmacist-delivered intervention involving medications and CM to promote smoking abstinence among PWH. ClinicalTrials.govidentifier:NCT04490057.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.