ArticleAmerican journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons2021
T cell antigenicity and immunogenicity of allogeneic exosomes.
Article in American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Shaping Immune Responses in the Lymph Node Microenvironment.Biology of the cell · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles for next-gen therapeutics and drug delivery.Molecular biomedicine · 2026Review
- Extracellular Vesicle-Lipid Hybrid Systems for RNA Delivery in Cancer: Structural Classification, Functional Delivery, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Exosome-Mediated Systemic Signaling: Mechanisms, Disease Integration, and Translational Potential.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- Nanotechnology-based immunotherapy: integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI) with current strategies in combating brain cancer disease.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2026Review
- Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cell-Free Therapies: Challenges and Opportunities.Molecular biotechnology · 2026Review
- Application of dendritic cell extracellular vesicles as a valid nanoparticle platform for cancer therapies: a narrative review.Stem cell research & therapy · 2026Review
- The Role of Exosomes in the Regulation of Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Treatment Resistance-Linking Cellular Crosstalk to Clinical Implications in Depression.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Macrophage-derived extracellular vesicles promote T cell-dependent inflammatory pain resolution.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Cell-free therapeutics for non-healing wounds: role of MSC-derived exosomes in macrophage polarization, angiogenesis, and fibroblast-mediated ECM remodeling-bridging preclinical insights to clinical translation.Inflammopharmacology · 2026Review
- MSC-Derived Exosomes in Preserving Autophagy through Key Signaling Pathways: A Preventive Strategy against Cardiovascular Aging.Cell biochemistry and biophysics · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles as emerging platforms for modulating innate immune responses in sepsis-associated acute lung injury.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Exosomes in Ovarian Cancer: Promoters, Biomarkers, and Therapeutic Targets.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Exosomes in Autoimmunity: Mediators of Autoantigen Presentation and Targets for Therapeutic Intervention in Autoimmune Diseases.Journal of clinical immunology · 2025Review
- Exosomes - A Boon in Disguise?Indian dermatology online journal · 2025Article
- Mechanistic insights into dental stem cells-derived exosomes in regenerative endodontics.International endodontic journal · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicle-based drug overview: research landscape, quality control and nonclinical evaluation strategies.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025Review
- Exosomes in cancer nanomedicine: biotechnological advancements and innovations.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Long-term preservation of muscle function and structure by repeated administration of cardiosphere-derived cells in mdx mice.Stem cell reports · 2025Article
- Adenosine triphosphate-mediated signaling of P2X7 receptors controls donor extracellular vesicle release and major histocompatibility complex cross-decoration after allotransplantation.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles, including exosomes, are regularly released by allogeneic cells after transplantation. Recipient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) capture these vesicles and subsequently display donor MHC molecules on their surface. Recent evidence suggests that activation of alloreactive T cells by the so-called cross-dressed APCs plays an important role in initiating the alloresponse associated with allograft rejection. On the other hand, whether allogeneic exosomes can bind to T cells on their own and activate them remains unclear. In this study, we showed that allogeneic exosomes can bind to T cells but do not stimulate them in vitro unless they are cultured with APCs. On the other hand, allogeneic exosomes activate T cells in vivo and sensitize mice to alloantigens but only when delivered in an inflammatory environment.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.