ArticleThe Plant cell2021
Gain-of-function of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase gene ACS1G induces female flower development in cucumber gynoecy.
Article in The Plant cell, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 20 papers.
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20 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveal mechanisms underlying calcium-induced enhancement of female flower production in Cucumis sativus L.BMC plant biology · 2026Article
- Temperature-dependent sex expression in cucurbits and beyond: mechanisms, reproductive plasticity, and breeding implications.Frontiers in plant science · 2026Review
- Ethylene promotes branch formation but inhibits tendril development in cucumber.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Co-domestication of cold tolerance and female flower is determined by CsEIN2 in cucumber.Plant biotechnology journal · 2025Article
- Ethylene in fruits: beyond ripening control.Horticulture research · 2024Article
- Adaptation of the Invasive PlantInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Chromosome-level genome assembly and population genomics reveals crucial selection for subgynoecy development in chieh-qua.Horticulture research · 2024Article
- Impact of Climate Change on Regulation of Genes Involved in Sex Determination and Fruit Production in Cucumber.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Article
- Vegetable biology and breeding in the genomics era.Science China. Life sciences · 2023Review
- Fine mapping and candidate gene analysis of gynoecy trait in chieh-qua (Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Advance in sex differentiation in cucumber.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Review
- Genetics and marker-assisted breeding for sex expression in cucumber.Frontiers in genetics · 2023Review
- Genic male and female sterility in vegetable crops.Horticulture research · 2023Article
- Identification of suitable reference genes for quantitative reverse transcription PCR inPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2022Article
- Graph-based pan-genome reveals structural and sequence variations related to agronomic traits and domestication in cucumber.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Reference genes identification for qRT-PCR normalization of gene expression analysis inFrontiers in plant science · 2022Article
- OBV (obscure vein), a CHorticulture research · 2021Article
- A cucumber NAM domain transcription factor promotes pistil development in Arabidopsis.Molecular horticulture · 2021Article
- A positive feedback loop mediated by CsERF31 initiates female cucumber flower development.Plant physiology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Unisexual flowers provide a useful system for studying plant sex determination. In cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), three major Mendelian loci control unisexual flower development, Female (F), androecious [a; 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate {ACC} synthase 11, acs11], and Monoecious (M; ACS2), referred to here as the Female, Androecious, Monoecious (FAM) model, in combination with two genes, gynoecious (g, the WIP family C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor gene WIP1) and the ethylene biosynthetic gene ACC oxidase 2 (ACO2). The F locus, conferring gynoecy and the potential for increasing fruit yield, is defined by a 30.2-kb tandem duplication containing three genes. However, the gene that determines the Female phenotype, and its mechanism, remains unknown. Here, we created a set of mutants and revealed that ACS1G is responsible for gynoecy conferred by the F locus. The duplication resulted in ACS1G acquiring a new promoter and expression pattern; in plants carrying the F locus duplication, ACS1G is expressed early in floral bud development, where it functions with ACO2 to generate an ethylene burst. The resulting ethylene represses WIP1 and activates ACS2 to initiate gynoecy. This early ACS1G expression bypasses the need for ACS11 to produce ethylene, thereby establishing a dominant pathway for female floral development. Based on these findings, we propose a model for how these ethylene biosynthesis genes cooperate to control unisexual flower development in cucumber.
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