ArticlePloS one2021
State-level prevalence estimates of latent tuberculosis infection in the United States by medical risk factors, demographic characteristics and nativity.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Clinical Guidelines Versus Interactive Decision-Support for Improving Medical Trainees' Confidence with Latent Tuberculosis Care.Journal of general internal medicine · 2024Trial
- Uncovering Household Tuberculosis Infection Testing and Care Patterns Using a Novel Bioinformatics Linkage Strategy.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Efficacy of a Brief Educational Video for Patients Prescribed Latent Tuberculosis Treatment: A Randomized Trial in the United States.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Assessing the association between elements of health inequalities and the risk of bacterial infection in high-income countries: a systematic scoping review.Access microbiology · 2026Review
- Impact of Case Detection and COVID-19-Related Disruptions on Tuberculosis in Vietnam: A Modeling Analysis.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Reply.Arthritis care & research · 2025Article
- Overview of the Epidemiology, Diagnosis, and Clinical Care Considerations for People Living with and at Risk for Tuberculosis in the United States.The Nursing clinics of North America · 2025Review
- Health Impact and Cost-Effectiveness of Testing and Treatment of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Infection Among Asian and Hispanic Persons With Diagnosed Diabetes in the United States.Value in health : the journal of the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research · 2025Article
- Cost-effectiveness of screening with transcriptional signatures for incipient TB among U.S. migrants.PLoS medicine · 2025Article
- Cascade of care for the diagnosis and treatment of latent tuberculosis infection in an inner-city hospital prenatal clinic.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Model-Based Analysis of Impact, Costs, and Cost-effectiveness of Tuberculosis Outbreak Investigations, United States.Emerging infectious diseases · 2025Article
- The dynamic change of tuberculosis infection prevalence in rural residents: 10-year follow-up of a population-based, multicentre cohort study from China.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2025Article
- Article
- Low treatment completion rates reveal gaps in the LTBI care cascade among university students.Frontiers in tuberculosis · 2025Article
- Epidemiology of Latent Tuberculosis in Rheumatic Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases-Study of 1117 Patients and Descriptive Literature Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2024Article
- Prevalence estimates of tuberculosis infection in adults in Denmark: a retrospective nationwide register-based cross-sectional study, 2010 to 2018.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2024Article
- Pediatric Tuberculosis Infection Care Facilitators and Barriers: A Qualitative Study.Pediatrics · 2024Article
- Scaling Up Latent Tuberculosis Infection Testing and Treatment for Non-US Born Patients in a Federally Qualified Community Health Center.Journal of immigrant and minority health · 2023Article
- A Literature Review on the Adherence to Screening Guidelines for Latent Tuberculosis Infection Among Persons Living With HIV.Hawai'i journal of health & social welfare · 2023Review
- Area-Based Sociodemographic Factors Associated with Latent Tuberculosis Infection in a Low-Prevalence Setting.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionPreventing tuberculosis (TB) disease requires treatment of latent TB infection (LTBI) as well as prevention of person-to-person transmission. We estimated the LTBI prevalence for the entire United States and for each state by medical risk factors, age, and race/ethnicity, both in the total population and stratified by nativity.
methodsWe created a mathematical model using all incident TB disease cases during 2013-2017 reported to the National Tuberculosis Surveillance System that were classified using genotype-based methods or imputation as not attributed to recent TB transmission. Using the annual average number of TB cases among US-born and non-US-born persons by medical risk factor, age group, and race/ethnicity, we applied population-specific reactivation rates (and corresponding 95% confidence intervals [CI]) to back-calculate the estimated prevalence of untreated LTBI in each population for the United States and for each of the 50 states and the District of Columbia in 2015.
resultsWe estimated that 2.7% (CI: 2.6%-2.8%) of the U.S. population, or 8.6 (CI: 8.3-8.8) million people, were living with LTBI in 2015. Estimated LTBI prevalence among US-born persons was 1.0% (CI: 1.0%-1.1%) and among non-US-born persons was 13.9% (CI: 13.5%-14.3%). Among US-born persons, the highest LTBI prevalence was in persons aged ≥65 years (2.1%) and in persons of non-Hispanic Black race/ethnicity (3.1%). Among non-US-born persons, the highest LTBI prevalence was estimated in persons aged 45-64 years (16.3%) and persons of Asian and other racial/ethnic groups (19.1%).
conclusionsOur estimations of the prevalence of LTBI by medical risk factors and demographic characteristics for each state could facilitate planning for testing and treatment interventions to eliminate TB in the United States. Our back-calculation method feasibly estimates untreated LTBI prevalence and can be updated using future TB disease case counts at the state or national level.
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