ArticlePloS one2021
Baseline cardiometabolic profiles and SARS-CoV-2 infection in the UK Biobank.
Article in PloS one, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.
- [HDL-cholesterol concentration and risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in people over 75 years of age: a cohort with half a million participants from the Community of Madrid].Hipertension y riesgo vascularGuideline
- Association of Modifiable Lifestyle and Metabolic Factors With the Risk of Developing Sepsis: 2-Sample Mendelian Randomized Study.Interactive journal of medical research · 2025Article
- Association Between Lipid Profile and COVID-19 Severity: Insights from a Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study in Northern Greece.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- Association of modifiable risk factors and infectious diseases among individuals with hypertension: a prospective cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Cholesterol and Cholesterol-Lowering Medications in COVID-19-An Unresolved Matter.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Article
- Physical and cognitive impact following SARS-CoV-2 infection in a large population-based case-control study.Communications medicine · 2023Article
- Article
- Low HDL-c levels at admission are associated with greater severity and worse clinical outcomes in patients with COVID-19 disease.Atherosclerosis plus · 2023Article
- The prevalence and contributing risk factors of coronavirus disease 2019 infection in patients with metabolic syndrome.BMC endocrine disorders · 2023Article
- Histamine-2 Receptor Antagonists and Proton Pump Inhibitors Are Associated With Reduced Risk of SARS-CoV-2 Infection Without Comorbidities Including Diabetes, Hypertension, and Dyslipidemia: A Propensity Score-Matched Nationwide Cohort Study.Journal of Korean medical science · 2023Article
- The relationship between high density lipoprotein cholesterol and sepsis: A clinical and genetic approach.Clinical and translational science · 2023Article
- Article
- Obesity Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Pros and Cons "Obesity Paradox"-A Systematic Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Review
- Article
- Article
- The Social and Natural Environment's Impact on SARS-CoV-2 Infections in the UK Biobank.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Coronavirus Infection and Cholesterol Metabolism.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Validation of the Performance of A1HPV6, a Triage Blood Test for the Early Diagnosis and Prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 Infection.Gastro hep advances · 2022Article
- Identification of Novel Genetic Variants and Comorbidities Associated With ICD-10-Based Diagnosis of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Using the UK Biobank Cohort.Frontiers in genetics · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSARS-CoV-2 is a rapidly spreading coronavirus responsible for the Covid-19 pandemic, which is characterized by severe respiratory infection. Many factors have been identified as risk factors for SARS-CoV-2, with much early attention being paid to body mass index (BMI), which is a well-known cardiometabolic risk factor.
objectiveThis study seeks to examine the impact of additional baseline cardiometabolic risk factors including high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C), Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), Apolipoprotein B (ApoB), triglycerides, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and diabetes on the odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 in UK Biobank (UKB) study participants.
methodsWe examined the effect of BMI, lipid profiles, diabetes and alcohol intake on the odds of testing positive for SARS-Cov-2 among 9,005 UKB participants tested for SARS-CoV-2 from March 16 through July 14, 2020. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were computed using logistic regression adjusted for age, sex and ancestry.
resultsHigher BMI, Type II diabetes and HbA1c were associated with increased SARS-CoV-2 odds (p < 0.05) while HDL-C and ApoA-I were associated with decreased odds (p < 0.001). Though the effect of BMI, Type II diabetes and HbA1c were eliminated when HDL-C was controlled, the effect of HDL-C remained significant when BMI was controlled for. LDL-C, ApoB and triglyceride levels were not found to be significantly associated with increased odds.
conclusionElevated HDL-C and ApoA-I levels were associated with reduced odds of testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, while higher BMI, type II diabetes and HbA1c were associated with increased odds. The effects of BMI, type II diabetes and HbA1c levels were no longer significant after controlling for HDL-C, suggesting that these effects may be mediated in part through regulation of HDL-C levels. In summary, our study suggests that baseline HDL-C level may be useful for stratifying SARS-CoV-2 infection risk and corroborates the emerging picture that HDL-C may confer protection against sepsis in general and SARS-CoV-2 in particular.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.