ArticleMMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report2021
Interim Estimates of Vaccine Effectiveness of BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccines in Preventing SARS-CoV-2 Infection Among Health Care Personnel, First Responders, and Other Essential and Frontline Workers - Eight U.S. Locations, December 2020-March 2021.
Article in MMWR. Morbidity and mortality weekly report, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 448 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
448 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 790 citations in OpenAlex.
- Epidemiology of COVID-19 outbreaks in aged care facilities during postvaccine period: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2024Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The efficacy and effectiveness of the COVID-19 vaccines in reducing infection, severity, hospitalization, and mortality: a systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- A systematic and thematic analysis of the top 100 cited articles on mRNA vaccine indexed in Scopus database.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2022Pooled it
- Effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Trial
- Safety, immunogenicity and antibody persistence of a bivalent Beta-containing booster vaccine against COVID-19: a phase 2/3 trial.Nature medicine · 2022Trial
- Estimated Health Outcomes and Costs of COVID-19 Prophylaxis With Monoclonal Antibodies Among Unvaccinated Household Contacts in the US.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Six Years of COVID-19: Lessons from Epidemiology, Vaccination Campaigns, Clinical Risk Stratification, and Thromboembolic Surveillance.Vaccines · 2026Review
- The global SEARCH network: providing a framework for critical COVID-19 healthcare worker cohort studies transitioning from the pandemic to the interpandemic period.BMJ global health · 2026Article
- Correlates and Narratives of COVID-19 vaccine uptake in Ghana: A case study.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- Progressive Dissociation Between Reactogenicity and Immunogenicity After Four-Dose BNT162b2 Vaccination: A 36-Month Longitudinal Study.Vaccines · 2026Article
- Clinical Characteristics and Factors Associated With Critical Illness and Mortality in Patients Hospitalized With COVID-19: A Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan.Journal of acute medicine · 2026Article
- Advancements in RNA-based therapies from bench to bedside.npj drug discovery · 2026Review
- Quantitative benefit-risk analysis for prophylactic vaccines in the context of FDAs benefit-risk framework.NPJ vaccines · 2026Review
- Engineering the Future: Strategic Advances in Extracellular Vesicle-Mediated Drug Delivery Systems.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Vaccination gaps in decentralized emergency response: understanding immunization barriers among volunteer firefighters. A cross-sectional mixed methods study.Frontiers in public health · 2026Article
- Article
- Trust in Information Sources and COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake.Public health challenges · 2025Article
- Article
388 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
44 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Messenger RNA (mRNA) BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) and mRNA-1273 (Moderna) COVID-19 vaccines have been shown to be effective in preventing symptomatic COVID-19 in randomized placebo-controlled Phase III trials (1,2); however, the benefits of these vaccines for preventing asymptomatic and symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19) infection, particularly when administered in real-world conditions, is less well understood. Using prospective cohorts of health care personnel, first responders, and other essential and frontline workers* in eight U.S. locations during December 14, 2020-March 13, 2021, CDC routinely tested for SARS-CoV-2 infections every week regardless of symptom status and at the onset of symptoms consistent with COVID-19-associated illness. Among 3,950 participants with no previous laboratory documentation of SARS-CoV-2 infection, 2,479 (62.8%) received both recommended mRNA doses and 477 (12.1%) received only one dose of mRNA vaccine.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.