ReviewHuman reproduction (Oxford, England)2021
Reduced FSH and LH action: implications for medically assisted reproduction.
Review in Human reproduction (Oxford, England), 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 76 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
76 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 127 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Combined with Metformin Versus Metformin Alone in the Management of PCOS: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2025Pooled it
- The Association Between Heavy Metals Exposure and Sex Hormones: a Systematic Review on Current Evidence.Biological trace element research · 2022Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy of human chorionic gonadotropin alone versus dual trigger for oocyte maturation in advanced maternal age using the antagonist protocol: a randomized controlled trial.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Trial
- Luteinizing hormone-based modified GnRH antagonist protocol in normal responders undergoingFrontiers in endocrinology · 2022Trial
- Age-related succession of the gut microbiome drives ovarian function decline in laying hens.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Generation of Functional GnRH-Responsive Pituitary-like Organoids from Ovine Embryonic Stem Cells.Cells · 2026Article
- Empty Follicle Syndrome: Current Therapeutic Approaches and the Role of Triggering Agents in Assisted Reproductive Technology.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Decreased expression of ribonucleotide reductase M2 accelerates ovarian aging by suppressing cell proliferation and inducing DNA damage in mouse theca-interstitial cells.Journal of ovarian research · 2026Article
- Clinical use of recombinant human luteinizing hormone beyond hypogonadotropic hypogonadism: a multicenter descriptive analysis from five Italian fertility centers.Reproductive biology and endocrinology : RB&E · 2026Observational
- Interplay between miR-21 and mTOR signaling in an experimental mouse model of polycystic ovary syndrome.Journal of molecular histology · 2026Article
- Deconstructing the RAGE signaling maze: the molecular key to opening a new dimension of ovarian anti-aging.Experimental & molecular medicine · 2026Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Dysregulated LH and FSH Secretion in Human Reproductive Failure.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Endocrine disorders linked to chronic kidney disease: Mechanisms and clinical implications.World journal of nephrology · 2026Review
- The association between serum follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels and congestive heart failure in postmenopausal women: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Gonadotropins Across the Lifespan: Their role in the Neurodevelopment-Neurodegeneration Continuum.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2026Review
- The roles of RNA-binding proteins in ovarian aging.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Review
- Development and internal validation of a prediction model for clinical pregnancy in GnRH antagonist cycles: a retrospective cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Luteinizing hormone supplementation and cumulative live birth rate in assisted reproductive technology cycles among women of advanced reproductive age.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- A Multidimensional Perspective Review of Traditional Chinese Medicine in Treating Ovarian Aging.International journal of women's health · 2026Review
- The role of luteinizing hormone in the management of female infertility: A French Delphi consensus.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Article
16 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 10 institutions in 9 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) play complementary roles in follicle development and ovulation via a complex interaction in the hypothalamus, anterior pituitary gland, reproductive organs, and oocytes. Impairment of the production or action of gonadotropins causes relative or absolute LH and FSH deficiency that compromises gametogenesis and gonadal steroid production, thereby reducing fertility. In women, LH and FSH deficiency is a spectrum of conditions with different functional or organic causes that are characterized by low or normal gonadotropin levels and low oestradiol levels. While the causes and effects of reduced LH and FSH production are very well known, the notion of reduced action has received less attention by researchers. Recent evidence shows that molecular characteristics, signalling as well as ageing, and some polymorphisms negatively affect gonadotropin action. These findings have important clinical implications, in particular for medically assisted reproduction in which diminished action determined by the afore-mentioned factors, combined with reduced endogenous gonadotropin production caused by GnRH analogue protocols, may lead to resistance to gonadotropins and, thus, to an unexpected hypo-response to ovarian stimulation. Indeed, the importance of LH and FSH action has been highlighted by the International Committee for Monitoring Assisted Reproduction Technologies (ICMART) in their definition of hypogonadotropic hypogonadism as gonadal failure associated with reduced gametogenesis and gonadal steroid production due to reduced gonadotropin production or action. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of determinants of reduced FSH and LH action that are associated with a reduced response to ovarian stimulation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.