ArticlemedRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences2021
Challenges in defining Long COVID: Striking differences across literature, Electronic Health Records, and patient-reported information.
Article in medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 139 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effects of a symptom-titrated exercise program on fatigue and quality of life in people with post-COVID condition - a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2024Trial
- Validity of EQ-5D-5L breathing and cognition bolt-ons in non-hospitalized patients after COVID-19.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026Article
- Inequalities in worsening work and income decrease/cessation in SARS-CoV-2 infection in adults and elderly people: the population-based SulCovid-19 study.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 in recovered patients.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Participant engagement in a national longitudinal study of COVID-19: Insights from the INSPIRE study.PloS one · 2025Article
- Unraveling the enigma of long COVID: novel aspects in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment protocols.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Review
- Exploring the Interplay of Food Security, Safety, and Psychological Wellness in the COVID-19 Era: Managing Strategies for Resilience and Adaptation.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Prevalence and predictors of post-acute COVID syndrome among infected healthcare workers at University Malaya Medical Centre.PloS one · 2024Article
- Long COVID as a never-ending puzzle: the experience of primary care physicians. A qualitative interview study.BJGP open · 2023Article
- Measuring symptom burden in patients with cancer during a pandemic: the MD Anderson symptom inventory for COVID-19 (MDASI-COVID).Journal of patient-reported outcomes · 2023Article
- Prevalence and characteristics of long COVID in elderly patients: An observational cohort study of over 2 million adults in the US.PLoS medicine · 2023Observational
- Long COVID in the United States.PloS one · 2023Article
- Encephalic nocardiosis after mild COVID-19: A case report.Frontiers in neurology · 2023Article
- "I feel like my body is broken": exploring the experiences of people living with long COVID.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2022Article
- Relationships between plasma fatty acids in adults with mild, moderate, or severe COVID-19 and the development of post-acute sequelae.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- The Potential Use of Carnosine in Diabetes and Other Afflictions Reported in Long COVID Patients.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Mid-term Psychiatric Outcomes of Patients Recovered From COVID-19 From an Italian Cohort of Hospitalized Patients.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Considerations for the Safe Operation of Schools During the Coronavirus Pandemic.Frontiers in public health · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
22 authors at 14 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since late 2019, the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has introduced a wide array of health challenges globally. In addition to a complex acute presentation that can affect multiple organ systems, increasing evidence points to long-term sequelae being common and impactful. The worldwide scientific community is forging ahead to characterize a wide range of outcomes associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection; however the underlying assumptions in these studies have varied so widely that the resulting data are difficult to compareFormal definitions are needed in order to design robust and consistent studies of Long COVID that consistently capture variation in long-term outcomes. Even the condition itself goes by three terms, most widely "Long COVID", but also "COVID-19 syndrome (PACS)" or, "post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection (PASC)". In the present study, we investigate the definitions used in the literature published to date and compare them against data available from electronic health records and patient-reported information collected via surveys. Long COVID holds the potential to produce a second public health crisis on the heels of the pandemic itself. Proactive efforts to identify the characteristics of this heterogeneous condition are imperative for a rigorous scientific effort to investigate and mitigate this threat.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.