ArticleFrontiers in immunology2021
Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Derived Membrane Particles Are Internalized by Macrophages and Endothelial Cells Through Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis and Phagocytosis.
Article in Frontiers in immunology, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers.
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Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 28 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Role and Mechanism of Endothelial Progenitor Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles in Vascular Repair of Ischemic Heart Disease.Journal of cardiovascular translational research · 2026Review
- Biology and therapeutic potential of extracellular vesicle targeting and uptake.Nature reviews. Molecular cell biology · 2026Review
- Endocytic Pathways and Actin Remodeling Mediate Everolimus-Induced VE-Cadherin Disorganization and Barrier Dysfunction.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2025Article
- Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived membrane particles suppress kidney fibrosis.Stem cell research & therapy · 2025Article
- Curcumin-encapsulated exosomes in bisphosphonate-modified hydrogel microspheres promote bone repair through macrophage polarization and DNA damage mitigation.Materials today. Bio · 2025Article
- Extracellular Vesicles in the Mesenchymal Stem Cell/Macrophage Axis: Potential Targets for Inflammatory Treatment.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Shape-Versatile Fixed Cellular Materials for Multiple Target Immunomodulation.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2024Article
- Host cell responses toFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- A Novel Pathway of Functional microRNA Uptake and Mitochondria Delivery.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2023Article
- Microvesicles released from activated CD4European journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Insight into Extracellular Vesicle-Cell Communication: From Cell Recognition to Intracellular Fate.Cells · 2022Review
- Extracellular Vesicles Physiological Role and the Particular Case of Disease-Spreading Mechanisms in Polyglutamine Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Membrane Particles Derived From Adipose Tissue Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Improve Endothelial Cell Barrier Integrity.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Membrane particles from mesenchymal stromal cells reduce the expression of fibrotic markers on pulmonary cells.PloS one · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) are a promising therapy for inflammatory diseases. However, MSC are large and become trapped in the lungs after intravenous infusion, where they have a short survival time. To steer MSC immunoregulatory therapy beyond the lungs, we generated nm-sized particles from MSC membranes (membrane particles, MP), which have immunomodulatory properties, and investigated their internalization and mode of interaction in macrophages subtypes and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) under control and inflammatory conditions. We found that macrophages and HUVEC take up MP in a dose, time, and temperature-dependent manner. Specific inhibitors for endocytotic pathways revealed that MP internalization depends on heparan sulfate proteoglycan-, dynamin-, and clathrin-mediated endocytosis but does not involve caveolin-mediated endocytosis. MP uptake also involved the actin cytoskeleton and phosphoinositide 3-kinase, which are implicated in macropinocytosis and phagocytosis. Anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages take up more MP than pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages. In contrast, inflammatory conditions did not affect the MP uptake by HUVEC. Moreover, MP induced both anti- and pro-inflammatory responses in macrophages and HUVEC by affecting gene expression and cell surface proteins. Our findings on the mechanisms of uptake of MP under different conditions help the development of target-cell specific MP therapy to modulate immune responses.
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