ArticlePsychology research and behavior management2021
Family Hardiness in Patients with Heart Failure: Exploring Protective Factors and Identifying the Mediator.
Article in Psychology research and behavior management, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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4 citing papers in PubMed, 8 citations in OpenAlex.
- Perceived Family Functioning, Family Resilience, and Multidimensional Sleep Problems Among Chinese Children and Adolescents With Cancer: The Indirect Association of Depression and Anxiety.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Latent profile analysis of fear of progression in Chinese hematologic malignancy survivors.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Factors influencing family function in spousal caregivers of head and neck cancer patients within 6 months posttreatment.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2022Article
- A Study on the Relationship between Sense of Disease Uncertainty and Family Strength and Mental Resilience in Guardians of Children with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.Emergency medicine international · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
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Abstract
backgroundStruggling with heart failure (HF) may be a distressful experience for the entire family. As a key variable contributing to positive family functioning, family hardiness can protect against HF-related harm. Thus, recognizing factors associated with family hardiness could promote strategies that enable successful adaptation to HF. This study aimed to explore protective factors linked to family hardiness among HF patients. PATIENTS AND
methodsA cross-sectional study was undertaken in 2020 among 167 HF patients in Nanjing, China. The study measures comprised a self-designed general information questionnaire, the Family Hardiness Index, the Mutuality Scale, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and the Simplified Coping Style Questionnaire. The data analysis was performed using IBM SPSS, version 25 and comprised Pearson's correlation analysis, a multiple linear regression model, and an analysis of mediating effects.
resultsThe average Family Hardiness Index score for the 167 HF patients was 57.95 ± 11.41. The multiple linear regression analysis revealed that mutuality, active coping style, and positive emotions of HF patients positively predicted family hardiness (β = 0.359, 0.308, and 0.215, respectively; all
conclusionOur results revealed that patients' active coping styles, positive emotions, and mutuality were protective factors associated with family hardiness. In light of our findings, we suggest that active coping strategies, positive emotions, and, especially, closer relationships within families should be encouraged during the rehabilitation and follow-up care of HF patients.
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