ReviewNPJ microgravity2021
Macrophages in microgravity: the impact of space on immune cells.
Review in NPJ microgravity, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 72 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized, Double-Blind, Phase I Pharmacokinetic Study of Subcutaneous Recombinant Human Superoxide Dismutase (rhSOD) in Healthy Volunteers.Clinical pharmacokinetics · 2026Trial
- Microgravity and cancer cells: from molecular mechanisms to therapeutic strategies.Cell death discovery · 2026Review
- Microgravity as a translational model for metabolic dysfunction: implications for obesity, insulin resistance, steatotic liver and pancreatic diseases.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- The hierarchical stratum response system of organism to microgravity during spaceflight.Military Medical Research · 2026Review
- Microgravity activates monocyte ERK1/2 signaling and modulates the response to lipopolysaccharide.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2025Article
- Temporary effects of random positioning on the function and plasticity of proliferating monocytes.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Longitudinal transcriptomic and epigenetic analysis of the blood in two astronauts.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Oxidative Damage Under Microgravity Conditions: Response Mechanisms, Monitoring Methods and Countermeasures on Somatic and Germ Cells.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Oxidative Stress on the Ground and in the Microgravity Environment: Pathophysiological Effects and Treatment.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Lunar and Martian gravity alter immune cell interactions with endothelia in parabolic flight.NPJ microgravity · 2025Article
- Light-based 3D bioprinting techniques for illuminating the advances of vascular tissue engineering.Materials today. Bio · 2024Review
- Microbiology of human spaceflight: microbial responses to mechanical forces that impact health and habitat sustainability.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Differential Effect of Simulated Microgravity on the Cellular Uptake of Small Molecules.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Dynamic cellular responses to gravitational forces: Exploring the impact on white blood cell(s).Biomicrofluidics · 2024Article
- Review
- Influence of the spaceflight environment on macrophage lineages.NPJ microgravity · 2024Review
- Spaceflight effects on human vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and function.NPJ microgravity · 2024Article
- Article
- Article
- Microgravity's effects on miRNA-mRNA regulatory networks in a mouse model of segmental bone defects.PloS one · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The effects of a microgravity environment on the myriad types of immune cells present within the human body have been assessed both by bench-scale simulation and suborbital methods, as well as in true spaceflight. Macrophages have garnered increased research interest in this context in recent years. Their functionality in both immune response and tissue remodeling makes them a unique cell to investigate in regards to gravisensitive effects as well as parameters of interest that could impact astronaut health. Here, we review and summarize the literature investigating the effects of microgravity on macrophages and monocytes regarding the microgravity environment simulation/generation methods, cell sources, experiment durations, and parameters of interest utilized within the field. We discuss reported findings on the impacts of microgravity on macrophage/monocyte structure, adhesion and migration, proliferation, genetic expression, cytokine secretion, and reactive oxygen species production, as well as polarization. Based on this body of data, we make recommendations to the field for careful consideration of experimental design to complement existing reports, as the multitude of disparate study methods previously published can make drawing direct comparisons difficult. However, the breadth of different testing methodologies can also lend itself to attempting to identify the most robust and consistent responses to microgravity across various testing conditions.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.