ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2021
Twenty-year economic impacts of deworming.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Meta-analysis and public policy: Reconciling the evidence on deworming.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of a randomized controlled trial of unconditional cash transfers on epigenetic measures of ageing and cognition in children and mothers.Nature human behaviour · 2026Trial
- Trial
- Cost-effectiveness and economic returns of group-based parenting interventions to promote early childhood development: Results from a randomized controlled trial in rural Kenya.PLoS medicine · 2021Trial
- Impacts of contemporaneous air pollution exposure on cognitive performance in Kenya.Journal of health economics · 2026Article
- Cohort Profile: Kenya Life Panel Survey.International journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Mass drug administration for soil-transmitted helminthiasis and schistosomiasis in selected districts of Rwanda: Coverage, implementation factors, and household water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Unravelling the true biopsychosocial impact of schistosomiasis.Trends in parasitology · 2026Review
- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of a focused pyrrolo- and pyrido-quinazolinone natural products-templated library for anti-fungal and anthelmintic activities.Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry · 2026Article
- Hope Walks: The Impact of Clubfoot Treatment on Human Flourishing in Ethiopia.Health economics · 2026Article
- Validation of cognitive and psychosocial tools in Kenya: findings from the LOSHAK feasibility pilot.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Anthelmintics Derived from the Kinase Inhibitor SGI-1776 for the Treatment of Gastrointestinal Worm Infections.ACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Midlife cognitive testing in Africa: validity of the Harmonised Cognitive Assessment Protocol in the Kenya Life Panel Survey.BMJ open · 2025Article
- The Impact of a Community Pharmacy-Led Deworming-Related Counselling Service: An Interventional Study in a Low-to-Middle Income Country.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2025Article
- High-Throughput Screening of More Than 30,000 Compounds for Anthelmintics against Gastrointestinal Nematode Parasites.ACS infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Modeling how and why aquatic vegetation removal can free rural households from poverty-disease traps.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Cost-effectiveness of comparative survey designs for helminth control programs: Post-hoc cost analysis and modelling of the Kenyan national school-based deworming program.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2024Article
- The short-term impact ofProceedings. Biological sciences · 2024Article
- Human Capital Affects Religious Identity: Causal Evidence from Kenya.Journal of development economics · 2024Article
- Decreased Weight-for-Age Associated with Mass Deworming among Young Ethiopian Schoolchildren in Jimma Town, Southwest Ethiopia: A School-Based Cross-Sectional Study.The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Estimating the impact of child health investments on adult living standards entails multiple methodological challenges, including the lack of experimental variation in health status, an inability to track individuals over time, and accurately measuring living standards and productivity in low-income settings. This study exploits a randomized school health intervention that provided deworming treatment to Kenyan children, and uses longitudinal data to estimate impacts on economic outcomes up to 20 y later. The effective respondent tracking rate was 84%. Individuals who received two to three additional years of childhood deworming experienced a 14% gain in consumption expenditures and 13% increase in hourly earnings. There are also shifts in sectors of residence and employment: treatment group individuals are 9% more likely to live in urban areas, and experience a 9% increase in nonagricultural work hours. Most effects are concentrated among males and older individuals. The observed consumption and earnings benefits, together with deworming's low cost when distributed at scale, imply that a conservative estimate of its annualized social internal rate of return is 37%, a high return by any standard.
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Registered trials
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