Evidence map›Paper›PMID 33789965›Full record

ArticleGut2022

Non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive faecal immunochemical test doubles the risk of dying from colorectal cancer.

Manuel Zorzi, Jessica Battagello, Kevin Selby, Giulia Capodaglio, Susanna Baracco, Silvia Rizzato, Enrico Chinellato, Stefano Guzzinati, Massimo Rugge

Open access · hybridAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Gut, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
38citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
4.8field-weighted citation impact, top 3% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

38 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 76 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. [Achievements and Future Directions of the National Colorectal Cancer Screening Program in Korea].The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors at 4 institutions in 4 countries.

Manuel ZorziVeneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy manuel.zorzi@azero.veneto.it.ORCID 0000-0001-6025-5214
Jessica BattagelloVeneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy.
Kevin SelbyCenter for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Giulia CapodaglioScreening and Health Impact Assessment Unit, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy.
Susanna BaraccoVeneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy.
Silvia RizzatoVeneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy.
Enrico ChinellatoVeneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy.
Stefano GuzzinatiVeneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy.
Massimo RuggeVeneto Tumour Registry, Azienda Zero, Padova, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0679-0563
Fondazione Progetto Ematologia · ITCentre universitaire de médecine générale et santé publique, Lausanne · CHImpact Assessment · USUniversity of Padua · IT

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) among subjects with a positive faecal immunochemical test (FIT) who do not undergo a colonoscopy is unknown. We estimated whether non-compliance with colonoscopy after a positive FIT is associated with increased CRC incidence and mortality.

methodsThe FIT-based CRC screening programme in the Veneto region (Italy) invited persons aged 50 to 69 years with a positive FIT (>20 µg Hb/g faeces) for diagnostic colonoscopy at an endoscopic referral centre. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared the 10-year cumulative CRC incidence and mortality among FIT positives who completed a diagnostic colonoscopy within the programme (compliers) and those who did not (non-compliers), using the Kaplan-Meier estimator and Cox-Aalen models.

resultsSome 88 013 patients who were FIT positive complied with colonoscopy (males: 56.1%; aged 50-59 years: 49.1%) while 23 410 did not (males: 54.6%; aged 50-59 years: 44.9%).The 10-year cumulative incidence of CRC was 44.7 per 1000 (95% CI, 43.1 to 46.3) among colonoscopy compliers and 54.3 per 1000 (95% CI, 49.9 to 58.7) in non-compliers, while the cumulative mortality for CRC was 6.8 per 1000 (95% CI, 5.9 to 7.6) and 16.0 per 1000 (95% CI, 13.1 to 18.9), respectively. The risk of dying of CRC among non-compliers was 103% higher than among compliers (adjusted HR, 2.03; 95% CI, 1.68 to 2.44).

conclusionThe excess risk of CRC death among those not completing colonoscopy after a positive faecal occult blood test should prompt screening programmes to adopt effective interventions to increase compliance in this high-risk population.

Indexed as

ColonoscopyPatient ComplianceAgedColorectal NeoplasmsEarly Detection of CancerFecesFemaleHumansIncidenceItalyMaleMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesRisk FactorsSurvival Ratecancer preventioncolonoscopycolorectal cancercolorectal cancer screening

Identifiers

PMID33789965
PMCPMC8862019
OpenAlexW3144551882

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.