ArticleThe British journal of ophthalmology2022
Prevalence and risk factors for chalazion in an older veteran population.
Article in The British journal of ophthalmology, 2022. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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10 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex Differences and Age Distributions in Invasive Treatments for Chalazion and Hordeolum in Japan: A 9-Year Nationwide Claims Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- Precision treatment of chalazion based on AI-driven risk stratification: a prospective study of triamcinolone acetonide combined with intense pulsed light therapy.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- The Influence of Chalazion History on Meibomian Gland Loss and DED.Journal of ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Article
- The distribution patterns and clinical significance of serum immunoglobulin E in children with chalazion in Hubei, China.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Parental Smoking and Risk of Allergic Conjunctivitis in Chinese Pediatric Population: A Cross-Sectional Study.Journal of asthma and allergy · 2025Article
- Clinical features of 26 cases of COVID-19-associated conjunctivitis.Japanese journal of ophthalmology · 2024Article
- Efficacy of combined doxycycline and intense pulsed light therapy for the management of intractable recurrent chalazion.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Causal effects of gut microbiota on chalazion: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study.Frontiers in medicine · 2024Article
- Therapeutic Efficacy and Safety of Intense Pulsed Light for Refractive Multiple Recurrent Chalazia.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChalazia are common inflammatory eyelid lesions, but their epidemiology remains understudied. This retrospective case-control study examined the prevalence, risk factors and geographic distribution of chalazia in a large veteran population.
methodsData on all individuals seen at a Veterans Affairs (VA) clinic between October 2010 and October 2015 were extracted from the VA health database. Subjects were grouped based on International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9) code for chalazion. Univariable logistic regression modelling was used to identify clinical and demographic factors associated with chalazion presence, followed by multivariable modelling to examine which factors predicted risk concomitantly. All cases were mapped across the continental US using geographic information systems modelling to examine how prevalence rates varied geographically.
resultsOverall, 208 720 of 3 453 944 (6.04%) subjects were diagnosed with chalazion during the study period. Prevalence was highest in coastal regions. The mean age of the population was 69.32±13.9 years and most patients were male (93.47%), white (77.13%) and non-Hispanic (93.72%). Factors associated with chalazion risk included smoking (OR=1.12, p<0.0005), conditions of the tear film (blepharitis (OR=4.84, p<0.0005), conjunctivitis (OR=2.78, p<0.0005), dry eye (OR=3.0, p<0.0005)), conditions affecting periocular skin (eyelid dermatitis (OR=2.95, p<0.0005), rosacea (OR=2.50, p<0.0005)), allergic conditions (history of allergies (OR=1.56, p<0.0005)) and systemic disorders (gastritis (OR=1.54, p<0.0005), irritable bowel syndrome (OR=1.45, p<0.0005), depression (OR=1.35, p<0.0005), anxiety (OR=1.31, p<0.0005)). These factors remained associated with chalazion risk when examined concomitantly.
conclusionPeriocular skin, eyelid margin and tear film abnormalities were most strongly associated with risk for chalazion. The impact of environmental conditions on risk for chalazion represents an area in need of further study.
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