ReviewBiomarker research2021
The role of exosomes in tumour immunity under radiotherapy: eliciting abscopal effects?
Review in Biomarker research, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 24 citations in OpenAlex.
- Spatially Modulated Irradiation Alters Extracellular Vesicle MicroRNA Cargo in Rat Glioma and Astrocyte Models.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Article
- Radiotherapy combined with immunotherapy for esophageal cancer: current status and challenge.Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Immunomodulatory effects and clinical application of exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem cells.World journal of stem cells · 2025Review
- Radioresistance in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Biological Bases and Therapeutic Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Extracellular vesicles in tumor immunity: mechanisms and novel insights.Molecular cancer · 2025Review
- Review
- Advancements in melanoma immunotherapy: the emergence of Extracellular Vesicle Vaccines.Cell death discovery · 2024Review
- Impact of Radiation on Exosomes in Regulating Tumor Immune Microenvironment.Advances in radiation oncology · 2024Review
- Lipid Nanoparticle (LNP) Delivery Carrier-Assisted Targeted Controlled Release mRNA Vaccines in Tumor Immunity.Vaccines · 2024Review
- The effect of tumor vascular remodeling and immune microenvironment activation induced by radiotherapy: quantitative evaluation with magnetic resonance/photoacoustic dual-modality imaging.Quantitative imaging in medicine and surgery · 2023Article
- Low-Dose Non-Targeted Effects and Mitochondrial Control.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Predicting the Abscopal Effect: Associated Tumor Histologic Subtypes and Biomarkers.Molecular cancer therapeutics · 2023Review
- Article
- Exosomal miR-93-5p as an important driver of bladder cancer progression.Translational andrology and urology · 2023Article
- Article
- Abscopal Effects in Metastatic Cancer: Is a Predictive Approach Possible to Improve Individual Outcomes?Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Review
- uPAR: An Essential Factor for Tumor Development.Journal of Cancer · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
As a curative treatment of localized tumours or as palliative control, radiotherapy (RT) has long been known to kill tumour cells and trigger the release of proinflammatory factors and immune cells to elicit an immunological response to cancer. As a crucial part of the tumour microenvironment (TME), exosomes, which are double-layered nanometre-sized vesicles, can convey molecules, present antigens, and mediate cell signalling to regulate tumour immunity via their contents. Different contents result in different effects of exosomes. The abscopal effect is a systemic antitumour effect that occurs outside of the irradiated field and is associated with tumour regression. This effect is mediated through the immune system, mainly via cell-mediated immunity, and results from a combination of inflammatory cytokine cascades and immune effector cell activation. Although the abscopal effect has been observed in various malignancies for many years, it is still a rarely identified clinical event. Researchers have indicated that exosomes can potentiate abscopal effects to enhance the effects of radiation, but the specific mechanisms are still unclear. In addition, radiation can affect exosome release and composition, and irradiated cells release exosomes with specific contents that change the cellular immune status. Hence, fully understanding how radiation affects tumour immunity and the interaction between specific exosomal contents and radiation may be a potential strategy to maximize the efficacy of cancer therapy. The optimal application of exosomes as novel immune stimulators is under active investigation and is described in this review.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.