ArticleSystematic reviews2021
Modes of transmission and attack rates of group A Streptococcal infection: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Article in Systematic reviews, 2021. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- It's not just droplets: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the modes of transmission of Group AFrontiers in public health · 2025Pooled it
- Systematic Review of Household Transmission of Strep A: A Potential Site for Prevention That Has Eluded Attention.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Throat Swab Culture Positivity Rate, Antibiotic Susceptibility Profile, and Associated Risk Factors ofInternational journal of microbiology · 2026Article
- Wastewater Surveillance for Group APathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Control of an outbreak of invasive Group AEpidemiology and infection · 2025Article
- Post-Meningitic Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Consequences of Streptococcal Infections on the Central Nervous System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Housing Initiatives to Address Strep A Infections and Reduce RHD Risks in Remote Indigenous Communities in Australia.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2024Article
- Prevalence, Antibiotic Susceptibility Pattern and Associated Factors ofInternational journal of microbiology · 2024Article
- Health-seeking behaviour and beliefs around sore throat in The Gambia: A qualitative study.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Modeling the potential health impact of prospective Strep A vaccines.NPJ vaccines · 2023Article
- Group A streptococcal (GAS) infections amongst children in Europe: Taming the rising tide.New microbes and new infections · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGroup A Streptococcus (Strep A) is an important cause of mortality and morbidity globally. This bacterium is responsible for a range of different infections and post-infectious sequelae. Summarising the current knowledge of Strep A transmission to humans will address gaps in the evidence and inform prevention and control strategies. The objective of this study is to evaluate the modes of transmission and attack rates of group A streptococcal infection in human populations.
methodsThis systematic review protocol was prepared according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 Statement. Using a comprehensive search strategy to identify any transmission studies that have been published in English since 1980, full-text articles will be identified and considered for inclusion against predefined criteria. We will include all studies reporting on Strep A transmission, who have identified a mode of transmission, and who reported attack rates. Risk of bias will be appraised using an appropriate tool. Our results will be described narratively and where feasible and appropriate, a meta-analysis utilizing the random-effects model will be used to aggregate the incidence proportions (attack rates) for each mode of transmission. In addition, we will also evaluate the emm genotype variants of the M protein causing Strep A infection and the association with transmission routes and attack rates, if any, by setting, socioeconomic background and geographical regions. DISCUSSION: We anticipate that this review will contribute to elucidating Strep A modes of transmission which in turn, will serve to inform evidence-based strategies including environmental health activities to reduce the transmission of Strep A in populations at risk of severe disease.
trial registrationSystematic review registration: PROSPERO ( CRD42019138472 ).
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.